Exposure Levels to Manganese in Human Being and Related Control Strategy

Manganese can be detected in air, water and soil but the distribution is not even in the ecosphere. The concentration of manganese in groundwater is higher than in surface water and higher in the southern soil than in the northern. Manganese-related in dustries and the usage of manganese-containing products (methylcyclopentadisnyl manganese tricarbonyl in gasoline, welding rod, etc) may introduce contamination to environment. Excessive exposure to manganese in human may cause nervous system dysfunction. In this paper, the human exposure and hazards of manganese in China were reviewed. In addition, control measures to manganese were also discussed.