Objective To investigate the transcription and expression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in peripheral blood and skin tissue of endemic arsenism patients, and to study its effects on the development and carcinogenesis of arsenism.
Methods Sixty eight arsenism patients (including 24 mild cases, 28 moderate cases and 16 severe cases) were selected from the areas with endemic arsenism in Guizhou province. Among the subjects, 40 cases were diagnosed by pathological measures, and they were divided into general pathological changes (20 cases), precancerous (14 cases) and cancerous group (6 cases). Another 23 persons were selected as control in an area 12 km away from the endemic arsenism area. Under the principle of informed consent, blood samples were collected from all individuals. The mRNA expression of HDAC1 was detected by Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). At the same time, skin tissue samples were collected from the voluntary surgical treatment patients with endemic arsenism (total 61 cases, including 34 general pathological changes cases, 21 precancerous cases and 6 cancerous cases)and from some of the control (s 15 cases). HDAC1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical method.
Results Average level of HDAC1 mRNA were 0.444 57 (0.370 93~0.639 04), 0.492 86 (0.080 18~1.127 47), 0.451 85 (0.244 13~0.87641) and 0.566 76(0.306 78~0.844 71) respectively among controls, mild, moderate and severe arsenism group, with no significant difference among these groups (χ2=1.099, P > 0.05). The mRNA average level of HDAC1 were 0.320 81 (0.167 23~0.839 72), 0.505 52 (0.282 80~1.433 97) and 0.804 79 (0.921 23~1.899 46) individually among general pathological changes, precancerous and cancerous group respectively, there was no significant difference among these groups ((χ2=1.982, P > 0.05). The expression rates of HDAC1 protein were 100%, 100% and 83.33% among general pathological changes, precancerous and cancerous group separately, compared with the control group (46.67%), the protein expression of the arsenism cases was significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the extent of expression gradually increased with the aggravation of skin damage (rs=0.580, P < 0.01).
Conclusion HDAC1 participated the development of the arsenism. High expression of its protein was early events during the process of the arsenism. HDAC1 may be the new target markers for early diagnosis and treatment of arsenism.
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