Research Advance on Effects and Mechanisms of Fine Particulate Matters on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Emerging studies demonstrate that air pollution is associated with incidents of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in which attentions are drawn towards fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5). In the present review, we summarize the domestic and international evidence on the effects of PM_2.5 on T2DM and insulin sensitivity, as well as related underlying biological mechanisms in which PM_2.5 mediates T2DM development with focusing on the target organs of insulin. The mechanisms include inflammatory response, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to glycolipid metabolism disorders in multiple organs such as visceral adiposity, decreased heat production, lipid accumulation in liver, and reduction of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.