Objective To update the prevalence of smoking and its risk factors in de jure residents of a community and to provide scientific basis for further effective tobacco control strategy in Shanghai.
Methods A large-scale cross-sectional study was performed using cluster sampling technique from September to December in 2007. Totally 13 567 de jure residents from the administrative areas of 11 resident committees in one selected urban community in Shanghai were invited to a questionnaire survey on demographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking, and tea consumption. Chi-square and non-conditional logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between smoking status and selected risk factors.
Results The overall smoking rate was 21.0% in the selected participants. There were significant differences in smoking rates among the population by gender, age, educational level, marital status, occupation, alcohol drinking, and tea consumption, except for average family monthly income per capita (P<0.05). The average starting age of the first life-time cigarette was (22.7& #177;6.4) years, and 65.4% of the smokers had the first cigarette of a day within 60 min after morning wake-up. The multi-factor analysis suggested a higher smoking rate among males than females (OR=46.97, 95% CI: 33.26-6.32); the 20-, 30-, and 40-years age groups reported a higher smoking rate than those younger than 20 years with the ORs (95% CI) of 3.56 (2.06-6.17), 4.42 (2.50-7.83), and 4.16 (2.43-7.14), respectively; the parcipants with college and above educational level (versus those with junior high school educational level and below, OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.43-0.81) and white-collar workers (versus blue-collar workers, OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-0.98) reported less smoking; the married or widowed participants reported more smoking than those unmarried, with ORs (95% CI) of 2.21 (1.07-4.58) and 2.19 (1.70-2.81), respectively; the participants used to drink alcohol (OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.97-3.26) and tea (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.87-2.81) had higher smoking rates than those did not.
Conclusion The overall prevalence of smoking is high among the de jure population in the selected urban community in Shanghai. Those who are males, middle-aged, with lower educational level, manual labors, and having habits of alcohol or tea drinking are associated with higher smoking rates.
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