应对方式在煤矿工人职业倦怠与职业紧张关系中的中介作用

Mediating role of coping style in coal miners' job burnout and job stress

  • 摘要:
    背景 职业紧张和职业倦怠已成为影响人群心理健康的重要因素。
    目的 探索职业倦怠与职业紧张之间的关系,以及应对方式是否是两者之间可调控的中介因素。
    方法 在2019年12月—2020年1月期间,采用整群随机抽样法,抽取新疆维吾尔自治区内5家煤矿企业共计1 500名煤矿工人,采用职业倦怠问卷、简明职业紧张问卷、简易应对方式问卷调查。职业倦怠包括情感耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低3个维度,得分越高则倦怠程度越严重。职业紧张问卷包括工作要求、工作自主性、社会支持3个维度,以工作要求得分与工作自主性得分比值(DCR)作为职业紧张得分,得分越高说明职业紧张程度越高。应对方式包括积极、消极应对,得分越高则越倾向于该应对方式。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行t检验、方差分析、相关性分析和中介作用检验。
    结果 本次调查共发放问卷1 500份,回收了1 282份,回收率85.5%。煤矿工人职业倦怠得分为(52.17±14.71)分,积极应对得分为(15.94±6.74)分,消极应对得分为(7.98±4.98)分,DCR为0.98±0.27。不同性别、年龄、工龄、受教育程度、倒班制度和婚姻状况组间矿工的职业倦怠得分差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),不同工龄、受教育程度、工种和经济收入间矿工的DCR存在差异(P < 0.05)。Spearman相关结果显示,矿工积极应对得分与职业倦怠总分(rs=-0.233)、DCR(rs=-0.125)呈负相关(P < 0.01);消极应对得分、DCR与职业倦怠总分呈正相关(rs=0.120、0.115,P < 0.01);社会支持维度得分与职业倦怠各个维度(除情感耗竭)得分均呈负相关(P < 0.05),而与积极应对得分呈正相关(rs=0.193,P < 0.01)。回归分析发现DCR对职业倦怠、消极应对有正向作用(b=0.101、0.077,P < 0.01),对积极应对有负向作用(b=-0.123,P < 0.01);积极、消极应对对职业倦怠的作用相反(b=-0.290、0.185,P < 0.01)。矿工职业紧张对职业倦怠的总作用(作用值为0.111 6)和直接作用(作用值为0.065 7)有统计学意义(P < 0.05),应对方式在两者间的中介作用值为0.0459,其贡献率为41.13%。
    结论 应对方式在职业紧张和职业倦怠的关系中具有一定的中介作用。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Job stress and job burnout have become important factors affecting the mental health of populations.
    Objective This investigation explores the relationship between job burnout and job stress, and whether coping style is an adjustable mediator between them.
    Methods Using cluster random sampling method, 1 500 coal miners from 5 coal mine enterprises in Xinjiang were selected from December 2019 to January 2020 and invited to complete the Job Burnout Questionnaire, the Job Stress Questionnaire, and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. Job burnout included three dimensions:emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced sense of accomplishment; the higher the score, the more serious the job burnout. Job stress included three dimensions:job demand, job control, and social support; the higher ratio of demand to control (DCR) was associated with a higher level of job stress. Coping styles included positive coping and negative coping; the higher the score, the higher level of corresponding coping style. SPSS 21.0 software was used to perform t test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and mediating effect test.
    Results A total of 1 500 questionnaires were distributed, 1 282 questionnaires were returned, and the recovery rate was 85.5%. The score of coal miners' job burnout was 52.17±14.71, that of positive coping was 15.94±6.74, that of negative coping was 7.98±4.98, and the DCR was 0.98±0.27. There were significant differences in job burnout scores among categories of sex, age, length of service, education level, shift work, and marital status (P < 0.05). And there were significant differences in DCR among categories of length of service, education level, type of work, and income (P < 0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that positive coping score was negatively correlated with job burnout score (rs=-0.233) and DCR (rs=-0.125) (P < 0.01); negative coping score and DCR were positively correlated with job burnout score (rs=0.120, 0.115, P < 0.01); social support score was negatively correlated with the scores of burnout dimensions (except emotional exhaustion) (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with positive coping score (rs=0.193, P < 0.01). The results of regression analysis found that DCR had a positive effect on job burnout and negative coping (b=0.101, 0.077, P < 0.01) and a negative effect on positive coping (b=-0.123, P < 0.01); positive coping and negative coping had opposite effects on job burnout (b=-0.290, 0.185, P < 0.01). The total effect (effect value was 0.111 6) and direct effect (effect value was 0.065 7) of job stress on job burnout were significant (P < 0.05). The mediating effect value of coping style was 0.0459, and the contribution rate was 41.13%.
    Conclusion Coping style plays a mediating role in the relationship between job stress and job burnout.

     

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