孙力菁, 张喆, 周月芳, 周欣怡, 罗春燕. 上海地区四年级学生心理卫生问题与体力活动的关联[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(12): 1162-1169. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20280
引用本文: 孙力菁, 张喆, 周月芳, 周欣怡, 罗春燕. 上海地区四年级学生心理卫生问题与体力活动的关联[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(12): 1162-1169. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20280
SUN Li-jing, ZHANG Zhe, ZHOU Yue-fang, ZHOU Xin-yi, LUO Chun-yan. Relationship between mental health and physical activity among fourth grade students in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(12): 1162-1169. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20280
Citation: SUN Li-jing, ZHANG Zhe, ZHOU Yue-fang, ZHOU Xin-yi, LUO Chun-yan. Relationship between mental health and physical activity among fourth grade students in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(12): 1162-1169. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20280

上海地区四年级学生心理卫生问题与体力活动的关联

Relationship between mental health and physical activity among fourth grade students in Shanghai

  • 摘要:
    背景 青春期早期的学生心理卫生问题高发,有研究发现成人体力活动和心理健康存在关联,但在儿童青少年中的关联性尚不明确。
    目的 研究青春期早期学生心理卫生问题的发生情况及其与体力活动的关联,为该阶段学生心理卫生问题的防控和干预提供依据。
    方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取上海市3个城区和3个郊区12所小学859名四年级学生,使用问卷对其进行基本情况、心理卫生问题和体力活动时间调查,计算学生心理卫生总问题检出率、5个维度(情绪问题、行为问题、注意缺陷多动障碍、同伴问题4种困难维度和亲社会行为1种长处维度)心理卫生问题检出率以及学生每天中等和高等强度体力活动时间。运用卡方检验比较不同家庭经济、文化背景、家庭关系的学生在心理健康状态方面的差异,采用logistic回归分析心理问题与体力活动的相关性。
    结果 被调查学生的心理卫生总问题检出率为10.7%,男生的检出率(13.4%)高于女生(8.0%),差异存在统计学意义(χ2=6.58,P < 0.05);检出率从高到低依次为同伴问题(22.9%)、注意缺陷多动障碍(15.8%)、情绪问题(9.0%)、行为问题(7.6%)和亲社会行为异常(5.2%)。被调查学生每天进行中高等强度活动时间的MP25P75)为76.9(8.4,107.1)min;48.7%的学生平均每天中高等强度活动时间不到60min,其中,男生的比例(52.2%)高于女生(45.1%)(χ2=4.36,P < 0.05)。秩和检验结果显示,平均每天中高等强度活动时间与情绪问题、行为问题、注意缺陷多动障碍、同伴问题以及心理卫生总问题检出率均相关,均P < 0.05。卡方检验分析显示母亲文化程度、父/母亲月收入和家庭关系等因素与学生心理卫生总问题检出率有关,均P < 0.05。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示每天进行中高等强度体力活动时间不到60 min者与其注意缺陷多动障碍、心理卫生总问题以及亲社会行为异常相关,其OR(95% CI)分别为1.633(1.095~2.436)、2.811(1.676~4.714)和2.307(1.153~4.618)。
    结论 上海地区四年级学生中男生的心理卫生问题异常率高于女生,总体同伴问题发生率较高。近半数学生每天中高强度体力活动时间不到60 min。每天进行中高等强度体力活动时间不到60min可能与发生心理卫生问题相关。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Students in early adolescence have a high incidence of mental health problems. Studies have found an association between physical activity and mental health in adults, but the association among children and adolescents is not clear.
    Objective This study investigates the relationship between mental health and physical activity among students in early adolescence, aiming to provide evidence for the prevention and control of mental problems among students in this stage.
    Methods By using stratified cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 859 fourth grade students from 12 elementary schools in 3 urban and 3 suburban areas in Shanghai. The survey included students' general information, the total and mental health problems, and physical activity time, and calculated the total and dimensional (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial behaviors) positive rates of mental health and the daily moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity time. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in mental health status among students with different family economic, educational backgrounds and family relationships. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between mental health problems and physical activity.
    Results The total positive rate of mental health problems among the participants was 10.7%, and the rate of boys was higher than that of girls (13.4% vs. 8.0%, χ2=6.58, P < 0.05). The dimensional positive rates from high to low were peer problems (22.9%), hyperactivity (15.8%), emotional symptoms (9.0%), conduct problems (7.6%), and social impairment (5.2%). The median timeM (P25, P75) of daily moderate-tovigorous-intensity physical activity of the students was 76.9 (8.4, 107.1) min; 48.7% of the students spent less than 60 min on moderateto-vigorous-intensity physical activities per day, and the proportion in boys (52.2%) was higher than that in girls (45.1%) (χ2=4.36, P < 0.05). The rank-sum test results showed that the daily time of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity was correlated with the positive rate of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and total mental health problems (P < 0.05). The chi-square test results showed that the factors such as mother's education level, father's and mother's monthly income, and family relationships were related to the positive rate of total mental health problems (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results showed that spending less than 60 min on moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activities per day was associated to reporting hyperactivity, total mental health problems, and social impairment, and the ORs (95%CI) were 1.633 (1.095-2.436), 2.811 (1.676-4.714), and 2.307 (1.153-4.618) respectively.
    Conclusion Among the fourth grade students in Shanghai, the positive rate of boys' mental health problems is higher than that of girls', and the overall rate of peer problems is high. Nearly half of the students spend less than 60 min on moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activities per day. Doing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity for less than 60 min per day is possibly associated to the positive rate of students' mental health problems.

     

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