局部冷暴露下救援手套对手部皮肤温度和手部功能的影响
Effects of rescue gloves on hand skin temperature and manual performance under local cold exposure
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摘要:
背景 低温环境会降低工作人员工作效率并增加手部冻伤风险。
目的 探究低温环境中救援手套防寒性能及其对手部功能的影响，初步验证相关定量表征方法的可行性。
方法 基于大、小型人工气候室开展人体实验，招募12名惯用手为右手的男性大学生参与实验，其中实验分为两个部分，0~10 min为基线阶段，10~50 min为测试阶段。受试者静坐在16 ℃的大气候室，以裸手（对照组）或佩戴救援手套（实验组）两种状态暴露在0 ℃的小型气候室中，测量手指五点（大拇指、食指、中指、无名指、小拇指）、手掌和手背共计7个部位的皮肤温度，以及握力、灵巧性、关节活动度和触觉敏感度共4个手部功能参数。
结果 对照组手指5点处的皮肤温度在降低到10 ℃左右时，会出现冷环境导致的血管扩张现象。对照组皮肤温度的最大变化率依次为大拇指>食指>中指>小拇指>无名指>手背>手掌，大拇指的皮肤温度变化率最大为165.7 ℃·h−1，手掌和手背为80.0和89.9 ℃·h−1，其中大拇指皮肤温度最低可达6.6 ℃。与对照组相比：实验组的皮肤温度变化率降低了50%左右；佩戴救援手套后握力下降15%，
P <0.05；灵巧性、关节活动度和触觉敏感度差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 本研究证明救援手套在改善了手部热舒适的同时，还较好地平衡了冷暴露对手部功能的影响，且该定量表征方法可以评估救援手套的防护性能和手部功能，为进一步实验提供可靠的理论基础和参考依据。
Abstract:Background Cold environments reduce work efficiency and increase the risk of frostbite.
Objective To investigate the effects on cold protection and manual performance of rescue gloves in cold environments, and to preliminarily verify the feasibility of related quantitative characterization methods.
Methods An experiment was conducted in a large and a small artificial climate chamber. 12 male right-handed university students were recruited. The experiment was divided into two parts, with 0-10 min as the baseline phase and 10-50 min as the test phase. Subjects sat quietly in a 16 ℃ large chamber, and hands were exposed to a small chamber at 0 ℃ either barely (control group) or with rescue gloves (experimental group). Skin temperatures of the five fingers (thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger), as well as the dorsal and palm of the hands were measured. In addition, grip strength, manual dexterity, maximum finger flexion, and tactile sensitivity of the hands were measured as the indicators of manual performance.
Results In the control group, cold-induced vasodilation occurred when the skin temperature of the five fingers were lowered to about 10 ℃. The maximum rate of change in skin temperature of the control group was in the following order: thumb＞index finger＞middle finger＞little finger＞ring finger＞dorsal＞palm, 165.7 ℃·h−1 in the thumb, 80.0 and 89.9 ℃·h−1 in the palm and dorsal respectively. In addition, the minimum skin temperature of the thumb was 6.6 ℃. Compared with the control group: the rate of change of skin temperature in the experimentalgroup decreased by about 50%; the grip strength decreased by 15% after wearing the rescue gloves (
P <0.05); no differences in manual dexterity, maximum finger flexion, and tactile sensitivity were statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion This study proved that the rescue gloves improved the thermal comfort of hands while better balancing the effect of cold exposure on manual performance. The quantitative characterization methods can evaluate the protective performance and manual performance of the rescue gloves, which provides a reliable theoretical foundation and reference basis for further experiments.
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