湖北省3种类型饮用水水源地壬基酚浓度及风险评价
Concentration and risk assessment of nonylphenol in three types of drinking water sources in Hubei Province
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摘要:
背景 壬基酚（NP）为典型的酚类内分泌干扰物，不同区域、不同类型水质中NP浓度存在差异。
目的 探究湖北省江河型、湖泊型和水库型3种类型饮用水水源地NP的浓度，评估其生态风险和人群健康风险。
方法 在4个江河型水源地（凉亭山水厂水源地、白沙洲水厂水源地、堤角水厂水源地、宗关水厂水源地）、1个湖泊型水源地（梁子湖水源地）和1个水库型水源地（富水水库水源地）设置15个水样采样点，分别于2019年6月（丰水期）、2019年10月（平水期）和2019年12月（枯水期）进行采样。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水样NP质量浓度（浓度），采用方差分析方法比较各组间NP浓度差异；分别采用风险商（RQ）法和非致癌风险指数（NCRI）法评价NP的生态风险和对人群的健康风险。
结果 各水样中NP检出率为100%，平均浓度为（18.10±15.00） ng·L−1（5.45~92.71 ng·L−1）。平水期、丰水期和枯水期全部水样NP平均浓度分别为（11.52±5.31） ng·L−1、（23.86±22.08） ng·L−1和（18.93±9.51） ng·L−1，最大浓度值分别为24.62 ng·L−1、92.71 ng·L−1和42.38 ng·L−1。方差分析结果表明，江河、湖泊和水库水源地的不同时期之间水质NP浓度差异均无统计学意义（
P >0.05）。仅宗关水厂水源地丰水期水样RQ值大于0.1（0.19），为中风险，其余14个采样点平水期、丰水期及枯水期水样和宗关水厂水源地平水期及枯水期水样的RQ值均小于0.1，整体生态风险水平较低；平水期、丰水期和枯水期NCRI值最高分别为0.1459、0.5492和0.2511，均小于1，均处在可接受范围内。结论 湖北省3种类型饮用水水源地水质中NP浓度处于较低水平，对人群健康风险处于可接受水平。
Abstract:Background Nonylphenol (NP) is a typical phenolic endocrine disruptor, and there are significant differences in NP concentration in different regions and water types.
Objective To investigate the concentration of NP in three types (river, lake, and reservoir) of water sources in Hubei Province, and assess its ecological risk and population health risk.
Methods Fifteen sampling points were set up at four river water sources (Liangtingshan Waterworks, Baishazhou Waterworks, Dijiao Waterworks, and Zongguan Waterworks), one lake water source (Liangzi Lake), and one reservoir water source (Fushui Reservoir). Water samples were collected from the 15 sampling points in June 2019 (wet season), October 2019 (level season), and December 2019 (dry season), respectively. The NP concentration in water samples was detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the differences in NP concentration among groups were compared using variance analysis. The ecological risk and the health risk of NP were evaluated using risk quotient (RQ) and non-carcinogenic risk index (NCRI), respectively.
Results The detection rate of NP was 100%, with an average concentration of (18.10±15.00) ng·L−1 (5.45-92.71 ng·L−1). The average concentrations of NP during the level, wet, and dry seasons were (11.52±5.31) ng·L−1, (23.86±22.08) ng·L−1, and (18.93±9.51) ng·L−1, respectively, and the maximum concentrations were 24.62 ng·L−1, 92.71 ng·L−1, and 42.38 ng·L−1, respectively. The variance analysis showed no statistical difference in the NP concentration in the samples from rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in different periods (
P >0.05). Only the water samples from the water source serving the Zongguan Waterworks showed an RQ (0.19) greater than 0.1 during the wet season, indicating a moderate risk. The RQ values of other water samples were all less than 0.1, indicating an overall relatively low ecological risk. The highest NCRI values during the level, wet, and dry seasons were 0.1459, 0.5492, and 0.2511, respectively, all less than 1, indicating an acceptable health risk level.Conclusion The NP concentrations in all water sources in this study are at a relatively low level, which poses an acceptable risk level to human health.
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