接噪工人自感噪声强度与睡眠质量的关系——负性情绪的中介作用
Relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality in noise-exposed workers—A mediating role of negative emotions
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摘要:
背景 环境噪声暴露与负性情绪及睡眠质量的研究早有相关报道，自感噪声强度不仅与环境噪声暴露有关，还能体现个体对噪声的易感性，但目前关于自感噪声强度与负性情绪及睡眠质量的研究少有报道，负性情绪是否在自感噪声强度与睡眠质量的关系中发挥中介作用尚不清楚。
目的 分析接噪工人负性情绪（焦虑、抑郁和紧张）在自感噪声强度和睡眠质量间的中介作用，为改善由噪声暴露导致的心理问题及睡眠质量提供一定的科学依据。
方法 采用分层整群抽样，于2023年5—6月选取成都某大型装备制造厂的接噪工人为研究对象，使用自行设计的一般情况调查表调查人口学特征；研究对象自我报告的噪声强度作为自感噪声强度数据；睡眠质量由夜晚睡眠时长、自觉睡眠质量和睡眠相关症状3个指标进行综合反映；使用焦虑-抑郁-紧张量表（DASS-21量表）调查该接噪工人的焦虑、抑郁和紧张情况。采用结构方程模型分析负性情绪（焦虑、抑郁和紧张）在自感噪声强度和睡眠质量间的路径关系。
结果 649名接噪工人的焦虑症状检出率为33.1%（215/649），抑郁症状检出率为26.0%（169/649），紧张症状检出率为14.0%（91/649）。接噪工人自感噪声强度与睡眠质量得分呈正相关（
r =0.218，P <0.001），自感噪声强度与负性情绪（焦虑、抑郁和紧张）呈正相关（r =0.167、0.145、0.167，P <0.001）；睡眠质量得分与负性情绪（焦虑、抑郁和紧张）呈正相关（r =0.512、0.447、0.513，P <0.001）。路径分析结果显示，该接噪工人以焦虑、抑郁和紧张为特征的负性情绪在自感噪声强度和睡眠质量之间均存在部分中介效应（β =0.123，P <0.001），接噪工人的自感噪声强度与负性情绪、睡眠质量均存在正相关关系，存在自感噪声强度→负性情绪→睡眠质量的作用路径（P <0.001），中介效应占比为42.71%。结论 该制造业接噪工人的焦虑、抑郁及紧张的检出率较高，以焦虑、抑郁和紧张为特征的负性情绪在自感噪声强度与睡眠质量之间存在部分中介作用。
Abstract:Background Studies on the relationships of environmental noise exposure with negative emotions and sleep quality have long been reported. Self-perceived noise intensity is not only related to environmental noise exposure, but also reflects an individual's susceptibility to noise; however, few studies on self-perceived noise intensity, negative emotions, and sleep quality have been reported, and it is not clear whether negative emotions play a mediating role in the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality.
Objective To analyze the mediating role of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) in the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality in noise-exposed workers, and to provide a scientific basis for addressing psychological problems and sleep quality induced by noise exposure.
Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select noise-exposed workers from a large equipment manufacturing plant in Chengdu from May to June 2023, and demographic characteristics were investigated using a self-designed general information questionnaire; self-perceived noise intensity was reported by the study subjects as the noise intensity of their workplaces; sleep quality was synthesized from three indicators: night sleep duration, self-perceived sleep quality, and sleep-related symptoms; the Anxiety-Depression-Stress Scale (DASS-21 scale) was used to evaluate anxiety, depression, and stress of a worker. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the pathways of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality.
Results The positive rates of negative emotions were 33.1% (anxiety symptoms, 215/649), 26.0% (depression symptoms, 169/649), and 14.0% (stress symptoms, 91/649), respectively in a total of 649 noise-exposed workers. Self-perceived noise intensity was positively correlated with sleep quality score (
r =0.218,P <0.001) and negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) (r =0.167, 0.145, 0.167,P <0.001); sleep quality score was positively correlated with negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) (r =0.512, 0.447, 0.513,P <0.001). The results of path analysis showed that the negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) partially mediated between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality (β =0.123,P <0.001). Self-perceived noise intensity was positively correlated with negative emotions and sleep quality, and there was a path of self-perceived noise intensity → negative emotion → sleep quality (P <0.001), and the mediating effect accounted for 42.71%.Conclusion The positive rates of anxiety, depression, and stress are high among the noise-receiving workers in this manufacturing industry, and negative emotions characterized by anxiety, depression, and stress partially mediate the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality.
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