Pneumoconiosis is the most serious occupational disease in China, and the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis attracts extensive social concerns. As a pulmonary interstitial fibrotic disease, pneumoconiosis is featured by disrupted lung tissue structure and impaired lung function. With available evidence on tetrandrine and nintedanib demonstrably retarding the progression of pneumoconiosis fibrosis, antifibrotic treatment of pneumoconiosis, especially rapidly progressive silicosis, should be emphasized. Pneumoconiosis patients could maintain an average level of quality of life and capabilities in social activities through comprehensive health management, early initiation of antifibrotic treatment, active prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and other complications and comorbidities, as well as regular rehabilitation treatment and training.