赖嘉怡, 武会栓, 金克峙. 在华外籍人员健康相关预防行为的影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(5): 505-511. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM23374
引用本文: 赖嘉怡, 武会栓, 金克峙. 在华外籍人员健康相关预防行为的影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(5): 505-511. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM23374
LAI Jiayi, WU Huishuan, JIN Kezhi. Contributing factors of health-related preventive behaviors among resident aliens in China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(5): 505-511. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM23374
Citation: LAI Jiayi, WU Huishuan, JIN Kezhi. Contributing factors of health-related preventive behaviors among resident aliens in China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(5): 505-511. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM23374

在华外籍人员健康相关预防行为的影响因素

Contributing factors of health-related preventive behaviors among resident aliens in China

  • 摘要: 背景

    一带一路倡议促进跨国流动人口增长,我国尚缺乏在华外籍人员健康相关预防行为的研究,而公共卫生事件凸显相关影响因素。

    目的

    初步分析公共卫生事件背景下影响在华外籍人员预防行为的因素,并探讨积极性和自我效能在卫生服务满意度与预防行为之间的中介效应,为该方向的研究提供思路。

    方法

    于2023年7月通过滚雪球抽样法对华东某市外籍人员进行横断面调查,基于保护动机理论,采用自我效能量表、积极性量表、预防行为量表和卫生服务满意度量表进行问卷调查。使用Cronbach's α系数评估量表信度。构建结构方程模型进行效度检验和路径分析,采用最大似然法进行参数估计,同时采用偏差校正百分位Bootstrap对中介效应进行检验。

    结果

    共回收问卷187份,有效问卷180份。自我效能量表、积极性量表和预防行为量表的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.904、0.784、0.821。外籍人员自我效能、积极性、预防行为、卫生服务满意度得分的MP25P75)分别为32(27,35)、29(25,30)、17(14,20)、4(3,5)。不同宗教信仰、地理位置和经济体来源的外籍人员预防行为得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。路径分析显示,卫生服务满意度、积极性和自我效能对预防行为有正向直接影响(P<0.05),且积极性和自我效能在卫生服务满意度与预防行为间存在多重中介作用。中介效应检验结果显示,积极性和自我效能介导的3条路径中介效应均有统计学意义,总间接效应为0.316(95%CI:0.180~0.466),中介效应占比为61.2%。其中,卫生服务满意度→积极性→预防行为路径的中介效应最大,效应值为0.167(95%CI:0.046~0.335),占总效应值的32.4%。

    结论

    今后在华外籍群体预防行为的研究和政策制定应关注原籍国地理位置、宗教信仰、文化习俗等社会人口学因素的影响,同时,综合环境因素、情感因素和认知因素来研究预防行为的路径关系。

     

    Abstract: Background

    The Belt and Road Initiative is promoting the growth of the cross-border population, and there is still a lack of study on modifiable factors associated with health-related preventive behaviors among resident aliens in China. Public health events may highlight the relevant factors.

    Objective

    To conduct a pilot study to preliminarily identify potential modifiable factors associated with preventive behaviors among resident aliens in China, and to explore possible mediating effects of positivity and self-efficacy on the relationship between satisfaction of health services and preventive behaviors, aiming to provide ideas for further research in this direction.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional survey was conducted among foreigners in a city of East China by using snowball sampling in July 2023. Based on the protection motivation theory, the Self-Efficacy Scale, Positivity Scale, Preventive Behaviors Scale, and Satisfaction of Health Services Scale were adopted in the survey. Cronbach's α coefficient was used to evaluate scale reliability. A structural equation model was constructed for validity test and path analysis. Maximum likelihood method was used for parameter estimation, and bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method was used to verify mediating effect.

    Results

    A total of 187 resident aliens were approached and 180 of them returned valid questionnaires. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the Self-Efficacy Scale, Positivity Scale, and Preventive Behaviors Scale were 0.904, 0.784, and 0.821, respectively. The M (P25, P75) scores of self-efficacy, positivity, preventive behaviors, and satisfaction of health services were 32 (27, 35), 29 (25, 30), 17 (14, 20), and 4 (3, 5), respectively. Statistically significant differences in the scores of preventive behaviors were identified among the participants by religious belief, geographical location, and economy (P<0.05). The results of path analysis showed that satisfaction of health services, positivity, and self-efficacy had direct positive effects on preventive behaviors (P<0.05), and positivity and self-efficacy played multiple mediation roles in the relationship between satisfaction of health services and preventive behaviors. The results of mediating effect test showed that the indirect effects of the three identified paths mediated by positivity and self-efficacy were statistically significant, and the total size of indirect effect was 0.316 (95%CI: 0.180, 0.466) that accounted for 61.2% of the total effect size. The strongest mediating path was satisfaction of health services→positivity→preventive behaviors, with an indirect effect size of 0.167 (95%CI: 0.046, 0.335) that accounted for 32.4% of the total effect size.

    Conclusion

    Future studies and policy formulation on preventive behaviors of foreigners in China should focus on the social demographic factors such as geographical location of home country, religious belief, and cultural customs. At the same time, the study of path relationship of preventive behaviors should embrace environmental factors, emotional factors, and cognitive factors.

     

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