Job burnout is rampant in workplaces and has become an important global public health concern. It is one of the top occupational health problems to be addressed in the workplace in Europe and America. The prevalence rate of job burnout is also at a high level in China, and cannot be ignored for its associated health loss and economic impact of occupational population, so we should deepen the understanding of job burnout hazards, promote relevant scientific research, and develop associated prevention and control programs. This paper introduced the epidemic status of job burnout, health hazards and economic impact, development stage, influencing factors, conceptual models, measurement and evaluation methods, and prevention and control measures, and proposed scientific research directions as well as prevention and control strategies of job burnout in the future.