民航飞行员睡眠质量及其影响因素分析
Sleeping quality in civil aviation pilots and associated influence factors
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摘要:
背景 民航飞行员是民用飞行器的直接操作者，其操作直接影响全体乘客及飞行安全，而睡眠质量差所引发的疲劳与不安全的飞行操作密切相关。近年来我国航运业务逐渐发展，民航飞行员工作时间不规律现象时有发生，而工作状况对睡眠质量的影响仍缺乏相关研究。
目的 研究民航飞行员睡眠质量的相关影响因素，有针对性地提出民航飞行员健康管理意见，提高民航飞行员睡眠质量和健康水平，从而更加有效地保障航空飞行安全。
方法 本研究以某航空股份有限公司在民航上海医院参加健康体检的全体飞行员为研究对象，采用知情同意的方式，以问卷星为平台开展线上问卷调查，采用自编一般资料调查表、自编生活习惯量表、主观工作压力水平条目收集一般情况、生活方式和工作压力等信息，运用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评估睡眠质量，共回收有效问卷1204份。并通过SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。
结果 民航飞行员中410人（16.8%）存在一定程度的睡眠障碍，表现为睡眠时间短、入睡时间长、主观睡眠质量差；且有894人（74.3%）在工作中存在一定的中度及重度压力情况。睡眠质量与工作压力、生活方式都具有一定的相关关系（
P <0.05），其中与工作压力的相关性最强（r =0.28）；多因素分析表明，重度压力（OR=4.25，95%CI：2.89~6.30）及饮酒（OR=1.72，95%CI：1.31~2.27）将增加民航飞行员睡眠障碍发生风险，而规律早餐（OR=0.62，95%CI：0.42~0.91）和体育锻炼（OR=0.68，95%CI：0.45~1.03）则有利于提高其睡眠质量。结论 民航飞行员的睡眠质量不容乐观，这与其工作压力和生活方式密切相关，必须采取有针对性的措施，有效提高其睡眠质量。
Abstract:Background Civil aviation pilots are actual operators of civil aircraft. Their job operations are directly associated with passenger safety and flight safety. Unsafe aviation operations are related to fatigue caused by poor sleep quality. Recently, with the promotion of China's air transportation business, irregular working hours of civil aviation pilots rise gradually. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on the influence of working conditions on sleep quality in this group.
Objective To explore potential impact factors of sleep quality among civil aviation pilots, for the purposes of improving sleep quality and health level of this group and ensuring aviation flight safety by formulating health management suggestions in a targeted manner.
Methods All pilots of an aviation company were approached when they visited the Shanghai Hospital of Civil Aviation Administration of China for their health examinations. After informed consent, an online questionnaire survey was conducted. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect information on general conditions, lifestyle, and subjective work stress levels. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. A total of 1204 valid questionnaires were recovered. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software.
Results There were 410 pilots (16.8%) who reported sleep disorders, including insufficient sleep time, difficulty falling asleep, and poor sleep quality, and 894 pilots (74.3%) who reported moderate to severe work stress. Associations were identified between sleep quality of pilots and work stress or lifestyle indicators (
P <0.05), while work stress showed the strongest association (r =0.28). Further multiple-factor analysis results showed that severe work stress (OR=4.25, 95%CI: 2.89, 6.30) and alcohol use (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.27) associated with an increased risk of sleep disorders. Regular breakfast (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.91) and physical exercise (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.45, 1.03) associated with a lower risk of sleep disorders.Conclusion A certain degree of sleep disturbance is reported in the civil aviation pilot group, which is closely related to work stress and lifestyle indicators. Targeted measures must be taken to effectively improve the quality of their sleep.
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