社会支持对警察职业倦怠的影响：心理授权的中介作用
Effects of social support on job burnout among police officers: Mediating role of psychological empowerment
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摘要:
背景 警察职业的高压力高风险性质损耗警察个体资源，易产生高职业倦怠感。
目的 了解警察职业倦怠的现状，探讨心理授权在社会支持和职业倦怠之间的中介作用。
方法 于2020年5—10月通过方便抽样法对四川省A、B市公安民警进行问卷调查，采用《领悟社会支持量表》《职业倦怠量表-通用调查版》《心理授权量表》对研究对象的社会支持、职业倦怠、心理授权水平进行评价。运用有偏差校正的Bootstrap方法对心理授权在社会支持与警察职业倦怠关系中的中介效应进行检验。
结果 回收问卷483份，有效问卷461份，有效回收率为95.44%。研究对象全体的社会支持、心理授权、职业倦怠得分的
M （P 25，P 75）分别为5.00（3.50，5.83）、3.25（2.00，4.25）、3.61（2.43，3.88）。职业倦怠发生率为93.92%（433/461），其中42.51%（196/461）和51.41%（237/461）的警察分别处于轻中度和重度职业倦怠状态。Spearman相关分析结果显示，社会支持、心理授权与警察职业倦怠之间呈负相关（r =−0.265、−0.328，P <0.01），社会支持与心理授权之间呈正相关（r =0.390，P <0.01）。Bootstrap检验结果显示，社会支持对职业倦怠具有负向影响作用（β =−0.193，P <0.001），社会支持对心理授权具有正向影响作用（β =0.330，P <0.001）。心理授权对警察职业倦怠具有负向影响作用（β =−0.212，P <0.001），心理授权能够部分中介社会支持对警察职业倦怠的影响，中介效应值为−0.070（95%CI：−0.097~−0.047），占总效应值的36.27%。结论 警察普遍存在职业倦怠，社会支持负向影响警察职业倦怠，心理授权在社会支持和职业倦怠之间起部分中介作用。
Abstract:Background The high-pressure and high-risk nature of the police profession may consume individual resources and lead to job burnout.
Objective To understand the current situation of police job burnout, and test potential mediating role of psychological empowerment between social support and job burnout.
Methods From May to October 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among police officers in cities A and B of Sichuan Province by convenience sampling. The Perceived Social Support Scale, Psychological Empowerment Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used to evaluate social support, psychological empowerment, and job burnout respectively. Mediation effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between social support and job burnout was tested using bias-corrected bootstrap method.
Results Of the 483 questionnaires recovered, there were 461 valid questionnaires (95.44%). The
M (P 25,P 75) scores of social support, psychological empowerment, and job burnout were 5.00 (3.50, 5.83), 3.25 (2.00, 4.25), and 3.61 (2.43, 3.88), respectively. The positive rate of job burnout was 93.92% (433/461), of which 42.51% (196/461) and 51.41% (237/461) of the participants were at mild to moderate and severe levels of job burnout respectively. The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that social support and psychological empowerment were negatively correlated with job burnout (r =−0.265, −0.328,P <0.01), and social support was positively corrected with psychological empowerment (r =0.390,P <0.01). The Bootstrap test results showed that social support negatively affected job burnout (β =−0.193,P <0.001) and positively affected psychological empowerment (β =0.330,P <0.001). Psychological empowerment negatively affected job burnout (β =−0.212,P <0.001) and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and job burnout, and the effect value was −0.070 (95%CI: −0.097, −0.047) that accounted for 36.27% of the total effect.Conclusion Job burnout is prevalent among the police officers. Social support has a negative effect on job burnout, and psychological empowerment plays a partial mediating role between social support and job burnout.
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