工效学负荷评估方法进展概述
Overview of advances in evaluation methods for ergonomic exposure
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摘要:
工效学负荷是导致工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs）的重要原因之一，准确测量及评估工效学负荷水平并进行工效学干预对WMSDs的防控具有重要意义。工效学负荷可分为外部负荷和内部负荷，其评估方法包括主观判断法、系统观察法以及直接测量法。本文概述了基于肌骨动力学模型模拟与生物标志的内部负荷评估方法，介绍了工效学负荷评估工作系统整体设计的概念及其范例——人类工效学评估工作表（Ergonomic Assessment Worksheet, EAWS），并讨论了工效学负荷评估方法的自动化、智能化及复合化发展趋势与选用工效学负荷评估方法的考虑因素。
Abstract: Ergonomic exposure is one of the important causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Accurate measurement and evaluation of ergonomic exposure level and implementation of ergonomic intervention are of great significance to the prevention and control of WMSDs. Ergonomic exposure can be divided into external exposure and internal exposure, and its evaluation methods include subjective judgment method, systematic observation method, and direct measurement method. This paper summarized the internal exposure assessment methods based on musculoskeletal dynamics and biomarkers, introduced the overall design concept of ergonomic exposure assessment system, used the Ergonomic Assessment Worksheet (EAWS) as an example, and discussed the development trend of automation, intelligence, and compounding of ergonomic exposure assessment methods and the factors considered in the selection of ergonomic exposure assessment methods.
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