Abstract: As an emerging persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)demonstrated its impact to the global ecosystem and became a new research hotspot. This review summarized the latest progress on the toxicity of PFOS, especially its possible toxicities to animals and human beings such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, embryonic toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. It provides updated information to related researchers.