Abstract: Benzoapyrene (BaP) is one of the most important occupational and environmental contaminants. Compared with its carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, its toxicity on neurodevelopment is a weak effect, but could cause serious and adverse consequences for the developing individuals, especially for the central nervous system, which is a very sensitive target. In this paper, based on the research progresses of BaP toxicity on neurodevelopment at home and abroad, we summarized the epidemiological studies, neurotoxicity in animal models, and plausible mechanism due to BaP exposure. Combined with our previous study, more attention should be paid to the damage to learning and memory by BaP exposure.