Abstract: A mounting number of studies have provided evidences that air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially the impact of particulate matters (PM). The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations are also reported in previous studies. The present article briefly summarized the biological mechanisms of cardiovascular damage resulted from PM exposure reported by epidemiological studies, animal toxicology experiments, and in vitro cell experiments, involving inflammatory, oxidative stress, and the effects on coagulation system, autonomic nervous system, and endothelial function.