上海市普陀区职业人群职业病防治相关知识和态度分析

胡芳; 夏斯伟; 黄威; 吴玉霞

上海市普陀区职业人群职业病防治相关知识和态度分析

Knowledge and Attitude of Occupational Disease Prevention among Different Job Workers in Putuo District of Shanghai

摘要

摘要:
目的调查上海市普陀区不同职业人群职业病防治的知识和态度情况,为有效开展全区职业病防治宣传工作提供参考依据。

方法 2010年4-5月份,采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取普陀区550名不同职业人群进行问卷调查,并分析年龄、性别、在沪生活时间、职业、文化程度等因素对职业病防治知识、态度的影响。

结论不同年龄、在沪生活时间、职业、文化程度的人群,职业病防治相关知识和态度均存在明显差异。不同年龄组的密闭空间作业危害知晓率和了解防治知识的意愿不完全相同(χ²=15.80、9.89,P<0.05)。不同性别职业人群的知识态度无明显差异(P>0.05);在沪生活时间半年以上者对职业病防治法、密闭空间作业危害、下水道和清污作业危害的知晓率和纱布口罩无防尘效果的知晓率、喷涂和涂刷作业个人防护用品使用的正确率、了解防治知识的意愿均明显高于在沪生活半年以下者(依次χ²=21.76、4.07、23.51、5.77、21.77、6.94,P<0.05);由于文化程度的不同,密闭空间作业危害知晓率、下水道和清污作业危害知晓率、噪声防护措施正确率、喷涂和涂刷作业个人防护用品使用正确率、了解防治知识的意愿并不完全相同(依次χ²=38.09、50.04、49.35、16.62、23.65,P<0.05)。不同职业人群的职业病防治工作负责部门知晓率、电焊作业危害知晓率、下水道和清污作业危害知晓率、噪声防护措施正确率、纱布口罩无防尘效果知晓率、喷涂和涂刷作业个人防护用品使用正确率、了解防治知识的意愿方面不完全相同(依次χ²=17.41、11.29、32.98、30.78、28.15、13.51、23.82,P<0.05)。

结论开展职业病防治知识的宣传工作应针对不同职业人群的特点采用有针对性的措施。

Abstract:
Objective To study the status of knowledge and attitude of different job workers in Shanghai Putuo district on occupational disease prevention and control, so as to provide guidance for further propaganda in control and prevention of occupational disease.

Methods From April to May in 2010, with stratified random sampling method, 550 workers of different jobs in Putuo district were interviewed by questionnaire. The relations of the degree of knowledge, and attitude of prevention and control of occupational disease with different jobs of different age, sex, occupation, duration of living in Shanghai, and educational level were analyzed.

Results There were some differences in knowledge and attitude of prevention and control occupational disease among different age, duration of living in Shanghai, educational level and different occupations. There were also some difference in awareness of hazardous working in confined space and their willing to accept the knowledge among different age groups (χ²=15.80, 9.89, P<0.05). Relevant knowledge and attitude were not significantly different between different gender (P>0.05). Workers who lived in Shanghai more than six months did better than those less than six months on the knowledge of occupational disease prevention regulations, hazardous working in confined space, toxicant in sewer and clean-up operation, gauze mask being not dustproof, personal protective equipment of painting and coating, and on the willing to accept relevant knowledge (χ²=21.76, 4.07, 23.51, 5.77, 21.77, 6.94, respectively, P<0.05). As the education level differs, the knowledge of hazardous working in confined space or sewer or clean-up operation, protective measure of noise, personal protective equipment of painting and coating, gauze mask being not dustproof, and the willing to accept the knowledge were all different (χ²=38.09, 50.04, 49.35, 16.62, 23.65, respectively, P<0.05). There were some differences among different jobs on the knowledge of responsible department, hazard of welding, fatal toxicant in sewer and clean-up operation, protective measure of noise, gauze mask being not dustproof, personal protective equipment of painting and coating, and on the willing to accept relevant knowledge (χ²=17.41, 11.29, 32.98, 30.78, 28.15, 13.51, 23.82, respectively, P<0.05).

Conclusion Further strengthening to the prevention and control of occupational disease should be done according to different occupations. And different methods of intervention should be based on different occupations too.

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