上海市地铁车站空气污染监测分析

张海云; 李丽; 蒋蓉芳; 宋伟民

摘要:

目的了解上海轨道交通系统4个月份空气中主要污染物的污染状况,为疾病预防、卫生监督等工作的开展提供科学依据及合理建议。

方法分别选取上海市轨道交通具有代表性的6个车站,每个车站分站台、站厅共取8个点进行监测。于2009年5月、7月、11月及2010年1月4个月份分别连续监测3个工作日,每日3个时段。在每个监测点监测可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)、二氧化碳(CO₂)、空气细菌总数、真菌总数、溶血性链球菌等空气卫生学指标。同时对相应的新风量进行测定。

结果上海市地铁的地下车站细菌总数及CO₂浓度年超标率均高于地上车站。地下车站PM₁₀浓度在1月份及11月份超标率分别为4.13%、3.13%;地上车站PM₁₀浓度在1月份超标率为1.75%。地上车站细菌总数在7月份为(30.1& #177;7.7)个/皿,显著高于其他监测月份;真菌总数在1月份最低,为(9.4& #177;1.2)个/皿,显著低于其他月份; PM₁₀浓度在1月份为(0.161& #177;0.001)mg/m³,高于其他监测月份,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。地下站细菌总数在5月份为(21.5& #177;4.1)个/皿,显著低于其他各月份;真菌总数在5月份为(13.6& #177;1.6)个/皿,显著低于其他月份,在7月份为(37.1& #177;8.6)个/皿,显著高于其他月份; PM₁₀浓度在1月份高于其他月份,为(0.168& #177;0.003)mg/m³,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CO₂浓度未见季节性差异;溶血性链球菌只有在11月份的监测中检出1例,检出率为0.049%。

结论上海市轨道交通系统车站PM₁₀在1月份污染严重,地下站微生物超标现象较地上站严重。

Abstract:

Objective To collect data on air pollution in Shanghai subway system for four months and to provide scientific basis and reasonable proposals for disease prevention and health supervision.

Methods Six representative metro stations of Shanghai subway system were selected.Each subway station was monitored with 4 sampling points on platform and concourse respectively.The monitoring was conducted three times a day for continuous 3 days in May,Jul,Nov of 2009 and Jan of 2010.The monitoring indices included respirable particulate matter (PM₁₀),carbon dioxide (CO₂),air exchange flow,hemolytic streptococcus and total colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria and fungi.

Results The average total count of bacteria in the ground stations in July was (30.1& #177;7.7) colony per plate,which was significantly higher than those in other selected months.The average total count of fungi in the ground stations in January was (9.4& #177;1.2) colony per plate,which was significantly lower than those in other selected months.The average concentration of PM₁₀ in January was significantly higher than those in other selected months.The average total count of bacteria in the underground stations in May was (21.5& #177;4.1) colony per plate,which was significantly lower than those in other selected months.The average total count of fungi in the underground stations in May was (13.6& #177;1.6) colony per plate,which was significantly lower than those in other selected months,and it reached (37.1& #177;8.6) colony per plate in July,which was significantly higher than those in other selected months.The concentration of PM₁₀ in January was significantly higher than those in other selected months.There was no significant seasonal difference for the concentration of CO₂.Hemolytic streptococci was detected in only one sample of monitoring in November and the detection rate was 0.049%.

Conclusion The average concentration of PM₁₀ in Shanghai subway system is higher in January than that in other months.Microbiological pollution in underground stations is more severe than that in ground stations.

上海市地铁车站空气污染监测分析

Status of Air Pollutions in Shanghai Subway System