Abstract: Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor with estrogen-like effects, and the attentions to its global ecological pollution are increasing. The review discussed the toxic effects of NP on the nervous system of organisms with evidences provided by domestic and international toxicological studies in recent years. At the individual or cell level, NP could induce dysfunction of dopamine neurons and cholinergic systems, resulting in lipid peroxidation of cerebral tissue, apoptosis of nerve cells, as well as neurobehavioral disorders in animals.