Abstract:
[Objective] To evaluate cadmium intake from aquatic food and its health risks in Shanghai by investigating cadmium concentration and the dietary consumption of aquatic food.
[Methods] A total of 428 aquatic food samples were collected by stratified random sampling method and determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. A food frequency questionnaire was designed to collect information on aquatic food intake in 2 630 Shanghai residents recruited by multistage stratified random sampling method. Cadmium exposure level was calculated using dietary intake assessment model and Crystal Ball software.
[Results] The average concentration of cadmium in the aquatic food samples was 0.038 3 mg/kg, and the mean values in fresh-water fish, marine fish, crustacean, and mollusk were 0.008 2, 0.016 8, 0.046 9, and 0.091 0 mg/kg, respectively. The mean values of daily consumption of fresh-water fish, marine fish, crustacean, and mollusk were 21.78, 10.85, 28.43, and 3.81 g/d, respectively in selected residents. The participants with age of 18-34 years (young group) consumed more fresh-water fish (29.38 g/d) and crustacean (39.37 g), the participants with age of 35-59 years (middle-age group) ate more marine fish (15.96 g). The consumptions of 4 aquatic food categories were low in the ≥ 60-year-old participants (elderly group) and 1-to <3-year-old infants. The 95% confidence interval of weekly cadmium intakes from aquatic food was 0.00-0.12 mg. According to the probability assessment, 4.80% of selected residents' cadmium intakes exceeded provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 97.5 percentiles of weekly cadmium intakes in the groups of infants, children, young, middle-aged, and elderly were 0.05, 0.13, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.14mg, respectively.
[Conclusion] Cadmium exposure levels from aquatic food are high in Shanghai residents, among whom 4.80% are at the risk of adverse health effects, especially infants and children.
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