Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) among diabetes patients has become one of the most significant public health issues in China, and has drawn growing concerns from medical workers and researchers. This paper reviewed epidemiological impacts and public health significances of diabetes patients with the infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the risk of TB occurrence and drugresistant TB. Anti-TB therapies (such as blood glucose control, treatment compliance, and regimen) and strategies of bi-directional screening for TB and diabetes were also introduced.