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新冠肺炎疫情期间石家庄市空气质量变化特征

Air quality changes in Shijiazhuang during COVID-19 outbreak

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    背景 2019年12月发现首例新冠肺炎病例，随后全国各地采取了一系列严格的疫情防控措施，这些措施导致了环境空气质量的变化，为讨论空气质量与人类活动的关系提供了契机。
    目的 探讨新冠肺炎疫情防控期间石家庄市空气质量的变化情况，分析防疫措施对空气质量的影响，为进一步改善空气质量、调整防治措施提供参考依据和思路。
    方法 通过真气网（https://www.zq12369.com/）和实时空气质量指数监测平台（https://aqicn.org/city/shijiazhuang/cn/）获取石家庄市环境空气质量数据，采用t检验和卡方检验分析疫情期与疫情前石家庄空气质量变化特点，比较2019年12月-2020年6月与2016-2019年相同时间段的空气质量指数（AQI）和六项污染物（PM2.5、PM10、SO2、CO、NO2、O3）浓度。
    结果 与2016-2019年同期相比，在疫情防控期间石家庄日均AQI下降了25.38%（t=6.28，P < 0.05）；防控期间影响石家庄空气首要污染物中污染天数占比从高到低依次为PM2.5（44.56%）、O3（31.09%）、PM10（23.83%）、NO2（2.59%），与2016-2019年同期相比，疫情期间PM10污染天数减少（χ2=3.86，P < 0.05），疫情封锁期PM2.5和防控中期O3污染天数增加（P < 0.05）；6项污染物浓度均明显下降（P < 0.05），其中SO2降幅最大，较同期下降了55.36%。
    结论 尽管新冠肺炎疫情防控措施在一定程度上减少了污染源、污染物的排放量，对石家庄市空气质量起到一定的保护作用，但也有加重O3污染的负面影响。需要进一步探索O3污染加重的原因，以制定合理的空气质量防治策略。

     

    Abstract:
    Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in December 2019. To combat the disease, a series of strict measures were adopted across the country, which led of improved air quality. This provides an opportunity to discuss the impact of human activities on air quality.
    Objective This study investigates the air quality changes in Shijiazhuang, and analyzes the impacts of epidemic prevention and control measures on air quality, so as to provide reference and ideas for further improving air quality and prevention and control measures.
    Methods The air quality data were collected online from https://www.zq12369.com/ and https://aqicn.org/city/shijiazhuang/cn/. Comparisons in air quality index (AQI) and the concentrations of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3) were made between the period from December 2019 to June 2020 (reference) and the same period from 2016 to 2019 by t-test and chi-square test.
    Results The daily average AQI dropped by 25.38% in Shijiazhuang during the COVID-19 prevention and control compared with the some period from 2016 to 2019 (t=6.28, P < 0.05). The proportions of pollution days during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shijiazhuang were PM2.5 (44.56%), O3 (31.09%), PM10 (23.83%), and NO2 (2.59%) successively, the pollution days of PM10 decreased significantly (χ2=3.86, P < 0.05) compared with 2016-2019, but during traffic lockdown the numbers of pollution days of PM2.5 and in the mid stage of prevention the number of pollution days of O3 increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control period, the concentrations of the six air pollutants decreased to varying degrees (P < 0.05), especially SO2 dropped by 55.36%.
    Conclusion The measures taken for COVID-19 control and prevention have reduced the pollution sources and emissions, which resulted in better general air quality of Shijiazhuang City, but have aggravated the pollution of O3 and other pollutants. It is necessary to further explore the causes for the aggravation of O3 pollution in order to formulate reasonable air quality control strategies.

     

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