Abstract: Occupational health surveillance is an important part of the prevention and control of occupational diseases in China, and relevant techniques and methods have been well developed in the United States. This paper reviewed the history of occupational health surveillance in China and the United States; briefly described the implementation of occupational health surveillance, including surveillance basis, subjects, methods, results and their application, and responsible departments or agencies; compared the launch time, organizational units, surveillance subjects, surveillance categories, surveillance methods, surveillance scopes, and main results of major occupational health surveillance (survey) projects between the two counties; analyzed the advantages, disadvantages, and problems of occupational health surveillance in China and the United States; and put forward suggestions for improving occupational health surveillance in China.