孕晚期母血多溴二苯醚水平与8岁儿童生长发育的关联性研究

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers exposure in late pregnancy and child growth at 8 years of age

  • 摘要:
    背景 多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)是一种新型内分泌干扰物,在我国各地区的人群样本中均有检出。近年来有国外研究提示孕妇孕期PBDEs暴露对儿童发育可能存在不良影响,然而目前研究较少,结论尚不一致。
    目的 了解我国PBDEs生产工业区的孕妇体内PBDEs暴露水平,并进一步分析孕期母血PBDEs暴露对8岁儿童生长发育的影响。
    方法 研究对象来源于山东莱州湾出生队列(LWBC),该队列于2010年9月-2013年12月招募符合标准的待产孕妇及其新生儿。纳入121对符合标准的孕妇及其子代(2019年7-9月随访期间满8岁者),收集孕晚期孕妇血样本,采用气相色谱-负化学电离源-质谱检测孕期母血中8种PBDEs(BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-85、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183)水平;并将检出率>85%的5种PBDE同系物(BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153)水平之和作为Σ5PBDEs。于2019年7-9月随访8岁儿童,测量其身高、体重、腰围、体脂百分比,计算体重指数(BMI)。采用多元线性回归分析孕晚期母血PBDEs暴露水平与8岁儿童生长发育的关系。
    结果 所有血清样本均可检测到PBDEs,且上述8种PBDEs同系物都有不同程度的检出,其中BDE-153、BDE-99的检出率最高,皆为95.87%,其质量分数(后称:水平)的中位数M及第25、75百分位数(P25P75)分别为4.86(2.97,9.43)、3.54(2.16,5.35)ng·g-1。儿童年龄为(8.14±0.47)岁。孕期母血BDE-85、BDE-99水平与8岁儿童体重呈正相关,回归系数b及其95%可信区间(CI)分别为8.63(0.95~16.30)、8.50(0.06~16.94)。BDE-47、BDE-85、BDE-99、BDE-153及Σ5PBDEs水平与8岁儿童身高呈正相关,其b(95%CI)分别为7.79(1.74~13.85)、6.12(0.01~12.24)、9.69(3.17~16.21)、6.75(0.21~13.29)、12.30(4.26~20.34)。BDE-85水平与8岁儿童腰围呈正相关,b(95%CI)为12.94(3.70~22.19)。进一步性别分层后发现:在男孩中,BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、Σ5PBDEs水平与身高呈正相关,BDE-85水平与腰围呈正相关,均P<0.05;在女孩中,上述指标间关联均无统计学意义。BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-153、Σ5PBDEs与身高及BDE-85与腰围关联性的性别差异有统计学意义(Pint<0.05)。
    结论 LWBC孕妇普遍暴露于PBDEs同系物;孕晚期母血PBDEs暴露可能会对8岁儿童的生长发育造成影响,主要表现在体重、身高、腰围的增加,且可能存在性别差异。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a new class of endocrine disruptors and have been detected in various types of human biological samples across China. Recently, prenatal exposure to PBDEs has been associated with child growth deviation. However, the quantity of such studies is limited and conclusions are inconsistent.
    Objective The study is conducted to detect exposure levels of PBDEs in pregnant women in PBDE production areas and examine the potential association between PBDEs exposure in pregnancy and child growth at 8 years of age.
    Methods The study included 121 mother-child pairs in Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort (LWBC), a cohort enrolled form September 2010 through December 2013 in Shandong, China. Serum samples were collected in the third trimester. Concentrations of PBDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE -154, BDE-183) in the samples were measured by gas chromatography-electron capture negative ion-mass spectrometry, and the concentration of Σ5PBDEs was calculated (sum of five PBDEs of detection rates >85%:BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153). Child height, weight, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated at follow-up visits during July to September 2019. The association between PBDEs exposure levels in late pregnancy and child growth at 8 years of age were quantified by multiple linear regression models.
    Results The PBDEs congeners were detected in all maternal serum samples to varying degrees. The detection frequencies of BDE-153 and BDE-99 were both 95.87%, which were the highest among the congeners, and the medians (P25, P75) were 4.86 (2.97, 9.43) and 3.54 (2.16, 5.35) ng·g-1, respectively. The mean child age was (8.14±0.47) years. Maternal serum BDE-85 and BDE-99 concentrations were positively associated with child weight, and the regression coefficient b and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 8.63 (0.95-16.30) and 8.50 (0.06-16.94) respectively. Maternal serum BDE-47, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-153, Σ5PBDEs concentrations were positively associated with child height, and the b and 95%CI were 7.79 (1.74-13.85), 6.12 (0.01-12.24), 9.69 (3.17-16.21), 6.75 (0.21-13.29), and 12.30 (4.26-20.34), respectively. Maternal serum BDE-85 concentration was positively associated with child waist circumference, and the b and 95%CI was 12.94 (3.70-22.19). After sex stratification, maternal serum BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and Σ5PBDEs concentrations were positively associated with boys' height, and maternal serum BDE-85 concentration was positively associated with boys' waist circumference (P<0.05). While no associations were found in girls. There were sex-specific associations between maternal serum BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153, and Σ5PBDEs concentrations and child height, and between maternal serum BDE-85 concentration and child waist circumference (Pint<0.05).
    Conclusion Pregnant women in LWBC are generally exposed to PBDEs. PBDEs exposure in late pregnancy may significantly and sexspecifically increase the weight, height, waist circumference in 8-year-old children.

     

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