Abstract:
Background Occupational populations have a relatively high frequency of eating out, yet few studies have explored its association with overweight and obesity.
Objective This study examines the association between eating out and overweight/obesity among occupational populations in Songjiang District of Shanghai.
Methods A total of 1 904 workers in Songjiang District of Shanghai were investigated with selfdesigned questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) on table devices to collect their general information and dietary habits. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between eating out and obesity. Multiple linear regression models were adopted to explore the associations of eating out with energy consumption, intake of nutrients, and the total score and component score of the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI). The participants were divided into four groups according to their frequency of eating out per month:non-eating out group, low-frequency eating out group (1-5 times), moderate-frequency eating out group (6-15 times), and high-frequency eating out group (≥ 16 times).
Results Among the 1 904 participants, there were 952 (50.0%), 735 (38.6%), 97 (5.1%), and 120 (6.3%) participants in the non-eating out group, low-frequency eating out group, moderate-frequency eating out group, and high-frequency eating out group, respectively. The numbers and prevalence rates of participants being overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 753(39.55%), 263(13.81%), and 300(15.76%), respectively. After adjusting for the variables of personal information and energy consumption, the high-frequency eating out group had significantly higher risks of obesity (OR=2.08, 95% CI:1.12-3.87) and central obesity (OR=2.18, 95% CI:1.31-3.63) than the non-eating out group did. With increasing frequency of eating out, energy, added sugars, and alcohol intake, and the energy-adjusted protein intake and protein-to-energy ratio, and intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased significantly, while the energy-adjusted carbohydrate-to-energy as well as the intakes of total grains and cooking oils decreased significantly.
Conclusion The selected occupational populations in Songjiang District of Shanghai have a relatively high frequency of eating out. Those have a high frequency of eating out show increased risks of obesity and central obesity, which might be attributed to energy overconsumption and the excessive intakes of protein and SFA.
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