Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used in food like candy, chocolate, gum, and beverage as food additives. According to published research findings, the proportion of nanoparticles in food addictive TiO₂ could be up to 36%. Because of the special physicochemical property of nanoparticles like small size and high surface activity, the influence of food-grade TiO₂ nanoparticles on health may be different from that of larger-scale particles. TiO₂ nanoparticles have been confirmed to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate in organ tissues such as liver, kidney, and spleen after ingestion. The gastrointestinal tract is the primary contact organ after oral intake of TiO₂ nanoparticles and is more susceptible than other organs. This article summarized the contents of TiO₂ nanoparticles in food, suggesting human are exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles in daily life; summarized exposure levels in different age groups, further focused on the effects on gastrointestinal tract and diseases (such as gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, enteritis, and intestinal cancer) after ingestion of TiO₂ nanoparticles; and revealed its toxic effects on gastrointestinal tract, expecting to promote public awareness of TiO₂ nanoparticles in food and to provide reference for the safe and effective using of TiO₂ nanoparticles in food science.