镉暴露与代谢相关疾病的研究进展
Research progress on cadmium exposure and metabolic diseases
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摘要:
作为一种常见的环境污染物，镉被国际癌症机构列为Ⅰ类致癌物。由于镉及其化合物难以被降解，镉在环境中的水平可以持续稳定地增加。环境中的镉可以通过呼吸道、消化道、皮肤接触等途径进入人体，以低浓度、长时间反复作用的方式对机体的不同系统和组织器官造成损害，尤其是内分泌、代谢系统。镉暴露可以破坏下丘脑-垂体轴调节系统，引起体内各种激素如生长激素、促肾上腺皮质激素等的分泌方式和水平发生改变，导致机体内分泌和代谢系统发生紊乱。本文综述了人群镉暴露的来源、途径和生物标志物的研究进展，并从流行病学研究和体内外实验方面阐述了镉暴露对2型糖尿病、肥胖和代谢综合征等代谢相关疾病的影响，表明环境镉污染是代谢相关疾病的重要危险因素。
Abstract: As a common environmental pollutant, cadmium is classified as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Because cadmium and its compounds are difficult to be degraded, the level of cadmium in the environment can increase steadily. Cadmium in the environment can enter the human body through respiratory tract, digestive tract, or skin contact. It can cause damage to different systems and organs of the body, especially the endocrine and metabolic system, in a way of repeated action at a low concentration and for a long time. Cadmium exposure can damage the hypothalamus-pituitary axis regulation system, cause changes in secretion patterns and levels of various hormones such as growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone, and lead to disorders in endocrine and metabolic system. In this paper, the sources, pathways, and biomarkers of cadmium exposure in human population were reviewed. The effects of cadmium exposure on metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome were illustrated based on evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies. The article concluded that environmental cadmium pollution is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases.
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