邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与人群健康:流行病学和机制研究新证据
Impact of phthalates on human health: Epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanisms of acton
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摘要:
邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalates，PAEs）作为一种人工合成的增塑剂，广泛应用于塑料加工、食品包装以及化妆品生产等领域。PAEs可从各种塑料制品中逸出，迁移至各类食物或食材，并通过膳食、饮水、皮肤以及呼吸等途径进入人体。作为一种常见的环境内分泌干扰物，流行病学与毒理学证据均表明，PAEs对机体健康多个方面均有不良的影响，具体表现为生殖发育毒性、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、神经行为发育异常、哮喘和过敏性疾病，甚至内分泌系统相关肿瘤等。PAEs对机体健康影响的毒性效应较为复杂，通过抑制睾酮的生成、破坏卵泡的生长及功能，从而对男性及女性的生殖系统均会产生影响；通过影响神经元以及相关受体基因的表达，PAEs对神经发育也有不良影响；通过一些表观遗传的改变，可以促进糖尿病以及肥胖的产生。因此本文综述了PAEs的暴露途径，并归纳总结了PAEs对人群健康不同方面的影响以及相关的毒性机制，从而为PAEs的人群健康损害的防治提供依据。
Abstract: As a kind of synthetcal plastcizer, phthalates (PAEs) are widely used in plastc processing, food packaging, cosmetics producing, etc. PAEs can escape from various kinds of plastic products into foods, and migrate into the body through diet, drinking water, skin contact, and breathing. As a class of common environmental endocrine disruptors, epidemiological and toxicological evidences have suggested their adverse effects on human health including reproductve developmental toxicity, insulin resistance, obesity, abnormalites in neurobehavioral development, asthma, allergic diseases, and even tumors of endocrine system. The toxic effects of PAEs on human health are relatvely complex. By inhibitng the generaton of testosterone and damaging the growth and functon of follicles, PAEs affect both male and female reproductve systems; by affecting the expressions of neurons and related receptor genes, PAEs also have adverse effects on neural development; through certain epigenetic changes, PAEs promote diabetes and obesity. For this reason, PAEs exposure routes, effects on human health, and related mechanism were reviewed in this artcle, aiming to provide reference for controlling the polluton and adverse effects of PAEs on human health.
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