纳米材料诱导线粒体自噬研究进展
Research progress on mitophagy induced by nanomaterials
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摘要:
随着纳米技术的发展，纳米材料在生物医药、材料化工等领域的应用日益广泛，为生物成像、纳米药物、疾病治疗等临床医学应用提供了更加有效的手段。但是，纳米产业存在的潜在职业接触风险与健康危害问题对职业卫生工作提出了新挑战。近年来，纳米材料与细胞自噬的关系逐渐被揭示。线粒体自噬作为一种选择性自噬，是细胞选择性清除多余或受损线粒体的一种途径，在调节细胞内线粒体数量、维持线粒体功能和细胞稳态等方面发挥重要作用，决定着细胞结局。线粒体自噬的异常激活与多种疾病密切相关。本文总结了国内外有关线粒体自噬的分子调控机制，并归纳了纳米材料生物效应中线粒体自噬的作用及其可能的机制。目前研究发现线粒体自噬的通路主要有3条，纳米材料诱导的线粒体自噬主要涉及PINK1/Parkin通路。PINK1/Parkin通路介导的线粒体自噬可能是参与纳米材料诱导细胞应激调控的一种主要机制，是细胞抵御纳米材料损伤的重要保护性机制之一。
Abstract: With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are increasingly used in biomedicine, material, chemical, and other fields, providing more effective means for clinical medical applications such as bioimaging, nanodrug, and disease treatment. However, the potential occupational exposure risks and health hazards in the nano-industry pose new challenges to occupational health. In recent years, the association between nanomaterial and autophagy has gradually been revealed. Mitophagy, as a selectve autophagy, is a way for cells to selectively remove redundant or damaged mitochondria. It plays an important role in regulatng mitochondrial number and maintaining mitochondrial functons and cell homeostasis, and determines cell survival or death. Abnormal activation of mitophagy is closely related to various diseases. This review summarized the molecular regulaton mechanisms of mitophagy, and illustrated the roles of mitophagy in the biological effects of nanomaterials and its possible mechanisms. Current studies have found three main pathways for mitophagy, and the mitophagy induced by nanomaterials is mainly mediated by PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway mediated mitophagy might be one of the major mechanisms involved in the regulaton of cellular stress induced by nanomaterials, and is also one of the important protectve mechanisms for cells to resist nanomaterials-induced damage.
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