Abstract:
Background Because of the special characteristics of their work, mine rescuers accept long-term outdoor training in hot summer. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of training and health, the dietary nutrition status of mine rescuers during summer outdoor training is important.
Objective This study aims to investigate and analyze the dietary nutrition status of mine rescuers in summer working days.
Methods A total of 144 mine rescuers who participated in summer outdoor training were randomly selected from three out of eight mining rescue teams of a mining group company's rescue section by cluster random sampling method. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) of training site was calculated. General information of the recruited mine rescuers was collected by questionnaire survey. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Diet was investigated by weighing method and 24 h diet recall and evaluated by the recommended intakes of foods and nutrients for high-temperature workers. Individual nutrient levels were evaluated by biochemical indices using routine biochemical tests.
Results The WBGT of the training site was >25℃. The mine rescuers with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity accounted for 3.5%, 66.0%, 28.5%, and 2.0% of total subjects, respectively. The intakes of poultry and livestock, eggs, cereals, vegetables, aquatic products, fruits, oils, salt, soybeans and nuts, and milk and dairy products among the mine rescuers were 196.7%, 193.4%, 99.1%, 91.4%, 85.3%, 76.5%, 76.3%, 52.0%, 40.0%, and 32.4% of corresponding recommended intakes, respectively. The intakes of water and energy accounted for 47.8%-69.9% and 74.7%-92.0% of the recommended intakes for high-temperature workers, respectively. The subjects with sufficient energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrate accounted for 8.3%, 67.4%, and 47.9%, respectively. The energy intakes from breakfast, lunch, and dinner were 23.7%, 39.9%, and 36.4% respectively, and the percentages of the mine rescuers with sufficient energy from breakfast, lunch, and dinner were 3.5%, 52.1%, and 66.0%, respectively. The intakes of vitamin C, sodium, and magnesium reached the recommended intakes for high-temperature workers, but the intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin A, potassium, zinc, and copper were lower (Ps < 0.05). The percentages of selected nutrients meeting requirements in the mine rescuers from high to low were:magnesium (91.7%), potassium (81.3%), copper (77.8%), sodium (69.4%), vitamin C (54.2%), zinc (36.8.%), vitamin B2 (20.8%), vitamin B1 (18.7%), calcium (13.2%), selenium (11.8%), and vitamin A (6.3%), respectively. The body insufficient rates of vitamin C and zinc were as high as 67.4% and 50.0% respectively; the body insufficient rates of vitamin B1, iron, vitamin A, potassium, magnesium, vitamin B2, and sodium were all higher than or equal to 25.0%.
Conclusion The mine rescuers undergoing outdoor training in summer show excessive intakes of poultry and livestock and eggs, insufficient intakes of soybeans and nuts and dairy products, and insufficient intakes of water, energy, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin A, and zinc. It is necessary to provide dietary guidance and nutrition education to the mine rescuers to improve their dietary structure and nutrition status.
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