啶虫脒毒性效应及暴露水平研究进展
Research progress on acetamiprid toxicity and exposure
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摘要:
啶虫脒是一种重要的新型烟碱类杀虫剂，作为农药其对害虫的杀虫效能好，且对益虫与哺乳动物相对安全，目前在全世界得到广泛应用。然而，近年来啶虫脒对哺乳动物的多种生物毒性已经引起众多关注，其中，通过兴奋烟碱乙酰胆碱受体产生的神经毒性更是研究热点。在日常生活中，啶虫脒主要以食物残留的形式经摄食途径进入人体，可在多种食物和人体组织中检出。日本已有研究聚焦啶虫脒人群暴露水平，我国在这方面的研究目前数量较少，未来可以进一步开展人群暴露水平及健康危害的研究。本文主要围绕啶虫脒的毒性效应及人群暴露水平两方面展开。首先简述啶虫脒的理化性质及用途，然后着重介绍啶虫脒的毒性作用，对其中的急性、慢性和发育神经毒性做出详细阐述，最后归纳食物中啶虫脒的残留情况，并总结啶虫脒在普通人群和职业人群中的暴露水平，为啶虫脒的毒性效应及暴露水平的进一步研究提供参考和启示。
Abstract: Acetamiprid, an important kind of neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used in agriculture all over the world because of its high insecticidal efficacy and relative safety to beneficial insects and mammals. In recent years, the biological toxicity effects of acetamiprid, especially its neurotoxicity effect through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have attracted many researchers. Acetamiprid can remain in crops and then enter the body through food intake in daily life, and has been detected in various foods and human tissues. Japan has conducted studies on human exposure levels of acetamiprid, but China has few reports and calls for more studies on population exposure levels and adverse health effects. This paper reviewed the toxicity effects and exposure levels of acetamiprid in human population. It started with the physical and chemical properties and usage of acetamiprid, then emphasized on the toxicity effects of acetamiprid with detailed information about acute, chronic, and developmental neurotoxicity effects, and finally summarized acetamiprid residues in food and exposure levels in general and occupational populations, aiming to provide new ideas and insights for further research on the toxicity and exposure level of acetamiprid.
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