Abstract:
Objective To understand the occupational stress and physical and mental health of medical staff, and assess the interactions and the predictive effects of personality, occupational stress, and health status.
Methods Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Short Scale, Chinese version (EPQ-RSC), Occupational Stress InventoryRevised Edition (OSI-R), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to 1 630 medical staff from five hospitals selected by cluster sampling method from 18 hospitals in Zhengzhou from May to December 2012. Data on personality traits, occupational stress, and physical and mental health were collected. Analysis of variance, Spearmen correlation, and path analysis were performed.
Results A total of 1 345 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid return rate of 82.5%. The score of individual stress response was 88.3±19.4, that of physical health was 78.3±12.7, and that of mental health was 72.3±15.0. Personality, task load, social support, individual stress response, and physical and mental health were all correlated (P < 0.05), in which neuroticism and individual stress response (rs=0.540), neuroticism and mental health (rs=-0.594), social support and individual stress response (rs=-0.428), and individual stress response and mental health (rs=-0.648) were highly correlated. Medical staff with introversion and high scores of neuroticism and psychoticism had a relatively high level of stress (F=54.05, F=382.57, F=16.12, Ps < 0.001) and a relatively low level of mental health (F=82.69, F=480.41, F=34.63, Ps < 0.001); those with introversion and a high score of neuroticism had a relatively low level of physical health (F=62.67, F=187.97, Ps < 0.001). The results of path analysis showed that neuroticism (b'=0.419), task load (b'=0.230), and social support (b'=-0.325) predicted occupational stress; neuroticism both directly and indirectly predicted physical and mental health, and the total effects were -0.258 (physical health) and -0.471 (mental health), respectively.
Conclusion The neuroticism, task load, and social support of medical staff have both direct and indirect predictive effects on their physical and mental health. Introversion, high scores of neuroticism and psychoticism, and task load are risk factors for stress and physical and mental health, while social support is a protective factor.
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