影响膀胱癌发生的职业和环境危险因素研究进展

Progress on occupational and environmental risk factors of bladder cancer

摘要: 膀胱癌是泌尿系统常见的肿瘤之一，男性发病率高于女性。我国膀胱癌发病率呈逐渐上升趋势。膀胱癌的发生与多种因素有关，其发病机制也较复杂。目前公认的膀胱癌危险因素有地方性饮用水砷浓度增高、血吸虫感染、职业暴露芳香胺及其他致癌物，以及吸烟、降糖药物使用、家族史、特异性低外显率的遗传易感性等因素。本文对影响膀胱癌发生的职业和环境因素进行综述，为健康教育、主动预防膀胱癌和控制危险因素提供有价值的信息。

Abstract: Bladder cancer is a common tumor of uropoietic system and the incidence in man is higher than that in women. In China, the in cidence rate of bladder cancer increases in recent years. Various factors are associated and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is complicate. The recognized risk factors for bladder cancer include elevated concentrations of arsenic in drinking water, Schistosoma haematobium infection, and occupational exposure to arylamine and other carcinogens. Other potential factors include cigarette smoking, pioglitazone using for type 2 diabetes mellitus, family history, and genetic predisposition of specific low penetrance. This paper reviewed occupational and environmental risk factors of bladder cancer, aiming to provide valuable information for health education program, active prevention for bladder cancer, and risk factors control.