Abstract: This paper assessed the accuracy of executions in the diagnosis and appraisal of work injuries and the applicability of administrative litigation for a pneumosilicosis case. The case revealed deviations in understanding and implementation among judiciaries and institutions of occupational disease diagnosis and work injury appraisal as well as deficiencies in applied rules. Therefore, relevant executive agencies should strengthen study of applicable rules and prosecute their duties strictly in accordance with the relevant laws; the legislature should also pay attention to the constant improvement of the systems of occupational disease diagnosis and work injury appraisal in order to protect the legitimate right of the persons concerned.