某集团煤矿工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现况及影响因素

Prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of coal miners in a coal mine group

  • 摘要:
    背景 煤矿作业人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)阳性率居高不下,严重影响工人的身心健康和生活质量。
    目的 了解山西煤矿工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,并分析其影响因素。
    方法 在2023年5—12月期间,采取方便抽样的方法,选择山西省某煤矿企业2315名煤矿工人作为研究对象,采用自填式的《基本情况调查量表》《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》《付出-回报失衡问卷》和《匹兹堡睡眠质量指数》量表对在职煤矿工人的一般人口学特征、工作组织特征、生活习惯、睡眠质量、职业紧张、过去1年内WMSDs症状发生情况以及相应缺勤(简称因病缺勤)情况进行调查。统计描述WMSDs的阳性率和因病缺勤率,采用Pearson χ2检验进行WMSDs影响因素的单因素分析,最后采用二元logistic回归方法对其进行多因素分析。
    结果 本次调查共发放2577份问卷,回收有效问卷2315份,有效回收率为89.9%。研究对象WMSDs症状阳性率为48.7%(1127/2315),因病缺勤率为22.6%(523/2315),腰部(17.5%)、颈部(11.7%)和膝部(9.0%)为WMSDs症状高发部位。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示,与工龄≤10年相比,工龄>20年(OR=2.167,95%CI:1.419~3.311)出现WMSDs风险更高;与日工作时间≤8 h相比,日工作时间>8 h(OR=1.463,95%CI:1.211~1.767)出现WMSDs的风险更高;劳动强度为中体力劳动(OR=1.247,95%CI:1.009~1.542)、重体力劳动(OR=1.570,95%CI:1.215~2.027)比轻体力劳动罹患WMSDs风险更高;文化程度越高(OR高中及中专=1.866,95%CI:1.435~2.425;OR大专/本科及以上=1.953,95%CI:1.445~2.639),WMSDs风险越高;吸烟(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.021~1.470)和饮酒(OR=1.345,95%CI:1.122~1.612)WMSDs风险更高。高度职业紧张状态(OR=1.229,95%CI:1.030~1.466)和患有睡眠障碍(OR=3.616,95%CI:2.824~4.629)的煤矿工人出现WMSDs的风险高于低度职业紧张状态和睡眠障碍的工人。
    结论 山西煤矿人员WMSDs阳性率较高,其文化程度、工龄、日工作时间、吸烟、饮酒、劳动强度、睡眠障碍及职业紧张是WMSDs的影响因素。

     

    Abstract:
    Background The positive rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among coal mine workers remains high, which seriously affects the quality of life of the workers.
    Objective To estimate the prevalence of WMSDs among coal miners in Shanxi Province and analyze their influencing factors.
    Methods From May to December 2023, 2315 coal miners from a coal mine enterprise inShanxi Province were selected by convenience sampling, and the self-administered Basic Situation Survey Scale, Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale were used to evaluate general demographic characteristics, work organization characteristics, living habits, sleep quality, occupational stress, and occurrence of WMSDs symptoms and the corresponding absences (sickness absence) in past 1 year. The positive rate and absenteeism rate of WMSDs were caculated, and Pearson's chi-square test was used for identify influencing factors of WMSDs, and finally a binary logistic regression method was used to further studying the factors.
    Results A total of 2577 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, and 2315 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 89.9%. The positive rate of WMSDs symptoms was 48.7% (1127/2315), the absenteeism rate due to WMSDs was 22.6% (523/2315), and the waist (17.5%), neck (11.7%), and knee (9.0%) were the most common areas presenting WMSDs symptoms. The results of logistic regression showed that compared with ≤10 years of service, the risk of WMSDs was higher for those with > 20 years of service (OR=2.167, 95%CI: 1.419, 3.311). Compared with the daily working time of ≤8 h, the risk of WMSDs was higher for those >8 h daily working time (OR=1.463, 95%CI: 1.211, 1.767). A higher risk of WMSDs was reported in workers with moderate labor intensity (OR=1.247, 95%CI: 1.009, 1.542) or heavy labor intensity (OR=1.570, 95%CI: 1.215, 2.027) than those with light labor intensity. The higher the education level (OR high school and technical secondary school=1.866, 95%CI: 1.435, 2.425; OR junior college/bachelor degree or above=1.953, 95%CI: 1.445, 2.639), the higher the risk of WMSDs. The risk of WMSDs was higher in workers reporting smoking (OR=1.225, 95%CI: 1.021, 1.470) or alcohol consumption (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.122, 1.612). The risk of WMSDs in coal miners with high occupational stress (OR=1.229, 95%CI:1.030, 1.466) or those with sleep disorders (OR=3.616, 95%CI:2.824, 4.629) was higher than that in workers with low occupational stress or no sleep disorders respectively.
    Conclusion The positive rate of WMSDs among coal mine personnel in Shanxi Province is high, and education level, length of service, daily working hours, smoking, alcohol consumption, labor intensity, sleep disorders, and occupational stress are influencing factors for WMSDs.

     

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