Abstract: Military noise is the sound generated by various weapons and equipment during military exercises or missions. With the mechanization of weapons and equipment in the army, soldiers may be exposed to noise in multiple settings of a training session. Previous studies focused on the effects of noise on the auditory system, but in recent years a large number of epidemiological studies have shown that prolonged and high-intensity noise exposure may cause damage to the non-auditory systems of military personnel. This paper reviewed the sources and characteristics of military noise, including both continuous and impulse noise. Military noise differs from non-military noise in terms of intensity, spectrum and characteristics. Military impulse noise intensity usually exceeds 140 dB and may have a greater impact on health. Meanwhile, this paper summarized the health effects of military noise on human non-auditory systems, including cardiovascular system, nervous system, metabolic function, reproductive system and operational performance. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of military noise in order to reduce occupational hazards and safeguard the effectiveness of military operations.