孙占颖, 甘雪洋, 苏清清, 陈静茹, 高远. 远洋航行船员睡眠质量及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(8): 892-897. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24099
引用本文: 孙占颖, 甘雪洋, 苏清清, 陈静茹, 高远. 远洋航行船员睡眠质量及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(8): 892-897. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24099
SUN Zhanying, GAN Xueyang, SU Qingqing, CHEN Jingru, GAO Yuan. Sleep quality and influencing factors of mariners during ocean voyages[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(8): 892-897. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24099
Citation: SUN Zhanying, GAN Xueyang, SU Qingqing, CHEN Jingru, GAO Yuan. Sleep quality and influencing factors of mariners during ocean voyages[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(8): 892-897. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24099

远洋航行船员睡眠质量及其影响因素

Sleep quality and influencing factors of mariners during ocean voyages

  • 摘要:
    背景 远洋航行船员睡眠质量明显低于普通人群且睡眠障碍发生率较高。睡眠障碍容易导致船员疲劳和认知功能下降,增加差错率和事故率,是船舶航行的重大安全隐患。目前,我国针对远洋航行船员睡眠质量影响因素研究不够全面且有待深入。
    目的 调查远洋航行船员睡眠质量并分析其影响因素,以期为远洋航行船员构建睡眠干预方案,改善睡眠障碍提供参考。
    方法 采取整体便利抽样法,选取某船队2024年3月21日返航的408名船员作为调查对象。运用一般资料调查表、《匹兹堡睡眠质量指数》(PSQI)、《焦虑自评量表》(SAS)进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。
    结果 回收有效问卷399份,有效回收率97.8%。远洋航行船员PSQI总分为(6.41±2.44)分,其中存在睡眠障碍的占总人数的33.6%(134/399)。不同家庭结构(t=2.235,P=0.031)、劳动类型(F=3.789,P=0.023)、噪声暴露(F=53.218,P<0.001)、饮食规律(F=63.311,P<0.001)、运动习惯(F=16.416,P<0.001)和焦虑状态(t=5.963,P<0.001)的船员PSQI总分存在差异。多重线性回归分析显示,原生家庭结构为单亲(β=0.102,P=0.010)、噪声暴露(β=0.323,P<0.001)和焦虑状态(β=0.117,P=0.006)均正向影响PSQI总分,饮食规律(β=−0.331,P<0.001)和运动习惯(β=−0.147,P<0.001)负向影响PSQI总分,5个变量可共同解释远洋航行船员PSQI总分总变异的38.9%(F=37.159,P<0.01)。
    结论 远洋航行船员睡眠质量较低且睡眠障碍发生率较高,受到家庭结构、噪声暴露、饮食规律、运动习惯和焦虑状态等因素共同影响。

     

    Abstract:
    Background The average sleep quality of mariners during ocean voyages is notably worse than that of the general populace, and the incidence of sleep disorders among them is higher. Sleep disorders closely associate with fatigue and cognitive decline, increasing error and accident rates, and are a major safety hazard in marine navigation. At present, research on factors influencing the sleep quality of mariners during ocean voyages in China is limited and needs further investigation.
    Objective To investigate the sleep quality of mariners during ocean voyages and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide reference for constructing sleep intervention plans and mitigating their sleep disorders.
    Methods Using convenience cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was carried out in 408 crew members of a fleet who returned from a voyage on March 21, 2024. The questionnaires included a general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) , and Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software.
    Results A total of 399 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 97.8%. The mean score of PSQI for the mariners during ocean voyages was (6.41±2.44), with 33.6% (134/399) of the mariners reporting sleep disorders. The PSQI scores varied by family structures (t=2.235, P=0.031), labor types (F=3.789, P=0.023), noise exposure (F=53.218, P<0.001), dietary patterns (F=63.311, P<0.001), exercise habits (F=16.416, P<0.001), and anxiety states (t=5.963,P<0.001). The results of linear regression showed that incomplete family structure (β=0.102, P=0.010), noise exposure (β=0.323, P<0.001), and anxiety (β=0.117, P=0.006) positively associated with the total score of PSQI, while dietary patterns (β=-0.331, P<0.001) and exercise habits (β=-0.147, P<0.001) negatively associated with the total PSQI score, and the 5 variables jointly explained 38.9% of the total variation in the PSQI score (F=37.159, P<0.01).
    Conclusion The sleep quality of mariners during ocean voyages is relatively low and the incidence of sleep disorders is relatively high, which is jointly influenced by factors such as family structure, noise exposure, dietary habits, exercise habits, and anxiety.

     

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