王迪, 迟晓妮, 黄子珊, 姚怡禛, 林意, 胡建雄, 刘涛, 马文军, 何冠豪. 高温和干旱事件对传染病的影响研究进展[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(8): 925-933. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24068
引用本文: 王迪, 迟晓妮, 黄子珊, 姚怡禛, 林意, 胡建雄, 刘涛, 马文军, 何冠豪. 高温和干旱事件对传染病的影响研究进展[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(8): 925-933. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24068
WANG Di, CHI Xiaoni, HUANG Zishan, YAO Yizhen, LIN Yi, HU Jianxiong, LIU Tao, MA Wenjun, HE Guanhao. Research progress on impact of compound hot-dry events on incidence of infectious diseases[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(8): 925-933. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24068
Citation: WANG Di, CHI Xiaoni, HUANG Zishan, YAO Yizhen, LIN Yi, HU Jianxiong, LIU Tao, MA Wenjun, HE Guanhao. Research progress on impact of compound hot-dry events on incidence of infectious diseases[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(8): 925-933. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24068

高温和干旱事件对传染病的影响研究进展

Research progress on impact of compound hot-dry events on incidence of infectious diseases

  • 摘要: 气候变化已经成为一个不争的事实,高温、干旱等极端天气事件的发生频率和强度随之增加,严重影响人群健康状况。本综述系统收集2000年至2023年国内外相关研究87篇,以传播途径分类,分别就高温、干旱以及高温干旱复合事件对介水和食物传播性、虫媒传播性、空气传播性和接触性传染病影响的研究进展进行综述。结果表明,高温能使介水和食物传播性传染病中的感染性腹泻病(霍乱、痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒)、传染性胃肠炎,虫媒传播性传染病中的登革热、寨卡病毒(ZIKV)病、基孔肯雅热、疟疾、西尼罗河热和裂谷热,空气传播性疾病中的流感样疾病、甲型流感、麻疹和腮腺炎,和接触性疾病中的艾滋病、血吸虫病和钩端螺旋体病的传播风险升高;干旱致使介水和食物传播性传染病中的霍乱、大肠杆菌感染、轮状病毒感染和戊型肝炎,虫媒传播性传染病中的恙虫病、血吸虫病、肾综合征出血热和西尼罗河热,空气传播性传染病中的流行性脑膜炎、百日咳、麻疹、上呼吸道感染,以及接触性传染病中的艾滋病的感染风险升高;随着全球变暖高温干旱复合事件发生频率将大幅增加,其对人类健康造成损害往往超过了单独高温或干旱事件的影响,但鲜有研究量化其对传染病的影响。上述关联可能通过气温和降雨对传染病病原体、传播媒介、人群易感性、公共卫生服务、行为等因素的影响进行介导。在气候变化背景下,高温干旱复合事件频发,其健康效应值得关注,今后需要进一步深入研究,以提高气候变化对传染病影响的认识,提高应对气候变化下传染病暴发流行的能力。

     

    Abstract: Climate change has led to an increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events such as heat and drought extremes with considerable global public health burden. This systematic review collected 87 domestic and international studies from 2000 to 2023, considering the impacts of heat extremes, drought extremes, and compound hot-dry events on infectious diseases attributable to various transmission pathways such as waterborne, foodborne, insect-borne, airborne, and contact-transmitted diseases. Our results showed that high temperature was associated with increased transmission risks of waterborne and foodborne diseases including infectious diarrheal diseases (cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and paratyphoid) and infectious gastroenteritis; vector-borne diseases including dengue fever, Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, chikungunya fever, malaria, West Nile fever, and Rift Valley fever; airborne diseases including influenza-like diseases, influenza A, measles, and mumps; and contact-transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, schistosomiasis, and leptospirosis. Additionally, drought conditions also amplified the transmission risks of waterborne and foodborne diseases including cholera, Escherichia coli infection, rotavirus infection, and hepatitis E; vector-borne diseases such as scrub typhus, schistosomiasis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and West Nile fever; airborne diseases including meningococcal meningitis, pertussis, measles, and upper respiratory infections; and contact-transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Along with global warming, the frequency of compound high temperature and drought events shows a considerably increasing trend, causing more adverse health effects than heat or drought alone. However, there is limited research quantifying their effects on infectious diseases. These associations may be mediated through temperature and precipitation on infectious disease pathogens, transmission vectors, population susceptibility, public health services, and behaviors. In the context of climate change, the increasing occurrence of compound events of high temperatures and droughts raises health concerns, and further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the impacts of climate change on infectious diseases and improve human adaption to climate change.

     

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