雷钧艳, 尹颀, 王村建, 杨鹏, 罗燕. 重庆市涪陵区重点职业人群职业健康素养及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(8): 867-875. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24055
引用本文: 雷钧艳, 尹颀, 王村建, 杨鹏, 罗燕. 重庆市涪陵区重点职业人群职业健康素养及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(8): 867-875. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24055
LEI Junyan, YIN Qi, WANG Cunjian, YANG Peng, LUO Yan. Occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among key occupational populations in Fuling District, Chongqing[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(8): 867-875. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24055
Citation: LEI Junyan, YIN Qi, WANG Cunjian, YANG Peng, LUO Yan. Occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among key occupational populations in Fuling District, Chongqing[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2024, 41(8): 867-875. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24055

重庆市涪陵区重点职业人群职业健康素养及其影响因素

Occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among key occupational populations in Fuling District, Chongqing

  • 摘要:
    背景 职业人群是经济社会发展的关键,职业健康素养(OHL)水平较低者被认为是工作相关疾病和工伤等发生风险较高的弱势群体。因此,提升劳动者的OHL水平对于减少社会公共卫生负担具有重要意义。
    目的 掌握重庆市涪陵区重点职业人群四维度OHL水平及影响因素,为今后制定职业人群健康教育方案提供依据。
    方法 采用网络问卷调查方法,选择《全国重点人群OHL监测调查个人问卷》对分层整群抽样获得的涪陵区重点职业人群进行调查。调查内容包括基本人口学信息、职业健康法律知识、职业健康保护基本知识、职业健康保护基本技能、健康工作方式和行为5个方面。运用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归和列线图对上述研究对象和研究内容进行分析。
    结果 本研究发放调查问卷4824份,其中有效问卷4677份,有效问卷回收率为97.0%。涪陵区企业重点职业人群四维度OHL水平(具备OHL劳动者占目标人群的比例)由高到低依次为健康工作方式和行为(79.1%)、职业健康保护基本知识(78.4%)、职业健康法律知识(43.3%)、职业健康保护基本技能(37.6%)。多因素分析表明,高中/职高/中专及以上(参照小学及以下)(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.05~2.05)、月收入3000元及以上(参照<3000元)(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.06~1.84)和中型企业(参照微型企业)(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.29~2.63)劳动者的职业健康法律知识OHL水平高;电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业劳动者的职业健康法律知识OHL水平低于采矿业(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.47~0.97);工龄3年及以上(参照<3年)(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.65~0.94)和中型企业(参照大型企业)(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.64~0.95)劳动者的职业健康保护基本知识OHL水平低;少数民族职业健康保护基本知识OHL水平高于汉族(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.04~2.87);工龄3年及以上(参照<3年)(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.60~0.79)劳动者的职业健康保护基本技能OHL水平低;工龄11年及以上(参照<3年)(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.59~0.89)劳动者的健康工作方式和行为OHL水平低;高中/职高/中专及以上(参照小学及以下)(OR=1.60,95%CI:1.15~2.23)劳动者的健康工作方式和行为OHL水平高。建立列线图风险预测模型显示,文化程度和月收入对职业健康法律知识影响最突出;工龄对职业健康保护基本知识、健康工作方式和行为的影响最突出。
    结论 涪陵区未来健康教育和健康促进的重点应该落实到提高劳动者职业健康保护基本技能和职业健康法律知识方面,应重点加强对低学历、低收入、微型企业和在岗期间劳动者的职业健康教育,从而提高劳动者职业健康保护技能和法律知识,以达到防范职业病或工作相关疾病的发生。

     

    Abstract:
    Background As a key to economic and social development, occupational groups with low levels of occupational health literacy (OHL) are considered vulnerable groups with high risks of work-related diseases and injuries. Therefore, improving the OHL of these groups is of great significance in reducing the burden on public health.
    Objective To master the four dimensional OHL levels and influencing factors of the key groups in Fuling District, Chongqing, and provide a basis for formulating health education programs for occupational groups in the future.
    Methods The Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of Key Populations was distributed online to investigate the key occupational groups in Fuling District through stratified cluster sampling. The survey collected data on basic demographic information, legal knowledge of occupational health, basic knowledge of occupational health protection, basic skills of occupational health protection, and healthy working style and behavior. Univariate analysis, logistic regression, and nomogram were used to analyze the above data.
    Results This survey distributed 4824 questionnaires, of which 4677 were valid, with a recovery rate of 97.0%. The dimensional OHL levels of key occupational groups in Fuling District from high to low were: healthy working style and behavior (79.1%), basic knowledge of occupational health protection (78.4%), legal knowledge of occupational health protection (43.3%), and basic skills of occupational health protection (37.6%). The results of logistic regression showed that the occupational health legal knowledge levels in the groups of high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school and above (reference: primary school and below) (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.05, 2.05), ≥3000 yuan of monthly income (reference: <3000 yuan of monthly income) (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.84), and medium enterprises (reference: micro enterprises) (OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.29, 2.63) were higher; the occupational health legal knowledge level in the electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply industry was lower than that in the mining industry (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.97); the basic knowledge levels of occupational health protection in the groups of ≥ 3 years of service (reference: < 3 years of service) (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.94) and medium enterprises (reference: large enterprises) (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.95) were lower; the basic knowledge level of occupational health protection in the ethnic minorities was higher than that in the Han ethnic group (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.87); the occupational health protection basic skill level in the group of ≥ 3 years of service (reference: < 3 years of service) (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.60, 0.79) was higher; the level of healthy working style and behavior in the group of ≥ 11 years of service (reference: < 3 years of service) (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.59, 0.89) was lower; the level of healthy working style and behavior in the group of high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school and above (reference: primary school and below) (OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.15, 2.23) was higher. The nomogram showed that educational level and monthly income had the greatest impact on the occupational health legal knowledge level; length of service had the greatest impact on the basic knowledge of occupational health protection level and the healthy working style and behavior level.
    Conclusion In the future, the focus of health education and health promotion in Fuling District should be implemented to improve the basic skills of occupational health protection and the legal knowledge of occupational health, especially for workers with low education, low income, from micro enterprises, and on the job, so as to improve their skills of occupational health protection and legal knowledge, and to control the occurrence of occupational or work-related diseases.

     

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