上海市嘉定区放射工作人员放射卫生防护知信行调查及影响因素分析

Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of radiological health protection and associated influencing factors among radiological workers in Jiading district of Shanghai

  • 摘要:
    背景 近年来,放射诊疗技术在医疗领域得到了越来越多的应用和普及,放射卫生防护现状也引起了广泛关注。
    目的 了解上海市嘉定区放射工作人员对放射卫生防护的认知、态度和行为情况。
    方法 采用方便抽样的方法于2023年5—8月选取上海市嘉定区33家医疗机构中441名放射工作人员开展问卷调查。收集研究对象的基本情况、对放射防护的认知情况、对放射防护的态度情况以及对放射防护的行为情况,并计算认知、态度和行为得分。采用多重线性回归模型分析影响行为的因素。
    结果 本研究共纳入441名对象,年龄范围为22~71岁,男性和女性分别占比53.06%、46.94%。认知方面,研究对象对7道放射防护基础知识的回答正确率在44.22%~96.60%之间,其中“辐射随机性效应疾病”题目的回答正确率最低,仅为44.22%,441名对象获取放射卫生相关知识的途径主要为职业相关培训(98.41%),希望获取的知识主要为核与辐射的基本知识(76.42%)。态度方面,研究对象对6道态度题目的认可度(十分同意/同意)在73.47%~96.37%之间,其中三级医院的放射工作人员中仅56.92%认为工作中接触的射线剂量会危害健康,73.85%认为有必要参加放射防护知识培训,占比均低于其他级别医院。行为方面,研究对象对5道行为题目的执行率(总是/经常)在75.28%~91.84%之间,不同级别医院研究对象的总行为得分存在统计学差异(P=0.015)。多重线性回归分析显示,性别、年龄和是否持有放射工作人员证是研究对象行为得分的影响因素。
    结论 上海市嘉定区放射工作人员对理论性防护基础知识认知率仍有待提高,应针对性开展职业相关培训;不同级别医院放射工作人员的态度情况存在差别,尤其应加强针对三级医院工作人员的宣传教育工作;此外应加强不同级别医院针对男性、年龄较大、未持有放射工作证人员的监督管理工作。

     

    Abstract:
    Background In recent years, radiation diagnosis and treatment technology has been increasingly applied and popularized in the medical field, and the status of radiation health protection has attracted widespread attention.
    Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of radiological health protection in radiation workers in Jiading District of Shanghai.
    Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 441 radiation workers from 33 medical institutions in Jiading District, Shanghai to conduct a questionnaire survey from May to August 2023. Basic information and radiation protection associated knowledge, attitude, and behavior were collected from the study participants, and the scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were calculated. Factors affecting the behavior were evaluated by multiple linear regression.
    Results A total of 441 subjects were included in this study, with an age range of 22-71 years, 53.06% male and 46.94% female. In terms of knowledge, the correct response rate of the study subjects to the seven questions on the basics of radiation protection ranged from 44.22%-96.60%, with the lowest rate of 44.22% for the question on "radiation stochastic effect diseases". The subjects acquired knowledge about radiation hygiene mainly through vocational training (98.41%), and wanted to acquire knowledge mainly about the basics of nuclear and radiation (76.42%). In terms of attitude, the recognition level (strongly agree/agree) of the study subjects on the six attitude questions ranged from 73.47% to 96.37%, in which only 56.92% of the radiological staff at tertiary hospitals believed that the radiation dose they were exposed to at work would be hazardous to their health, and 73.85% believed that it was necessary to participate in training on knowledge of radiological protection, both lower than those in other levels of hospitals. In terms of behavior, the implementation rate (always/often) of the five behavioral questions by the study participants ranged from 75.28% to 91.84%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the total behavioral scores of the study participants by levels of hospitals (P=0.015). The results of multiple linear regression showed that gender, age, and radiation work permit associated with the behavioral scores of the study subjects.
    Conclusion In Jiading District, Shanghai, the coginitive rate of radiation workers' basic knowledge of theoretical protection still needs to be improved, and occupational training should be carried out in a targeted manner; the attitude of radiation workers varies by levels of hospitals, and the publicity and education of workers at tertiary hospitals in particular should be strengthened; and the supervision and management of male, senior, and non-certified radiation workers in hospitals of different levels should be enhanced.

     

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