Background Prevention of occupational diseases is related to workers' health rights and social harmony and stability. The enactment and implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases (the law) has provided a powerful legal tool to promote the legalization and standardization of occupational health management in China and protect workers' health rights and interests.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores of the law and its influencing factors among industrial workers in an industrial park in Humen Town of Dongguan City.

Methods By cluster sampling, 1278 industrial workers from an industrial park in Humen Town, Dongguan City were selected as respondents to conduct a questionnaire survey on KAP of the law. SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing to analyze the KAP scores and associated influencing factors.

Results There were 1278 questionnaires distributed, 1270 valid questionnaires collected, with an effective recovery rate of 99.37%. The total correct response rate of KAP of the 1270 industrial workers about the law was 87.77%, among which, the total awareness rate was 85.20% (8656/10160), the total agreement rate of prevention and control attitude was 91.05% (8094/8890), and the total compliance rate of prevention and control behavior was 87.19% (4429/5080). The average score of KAP was 35.72±10.46, among which the average knowledge score was 23.36±9.19, the average attitude score was 6.37±0.92, and the average behavior score was 5.98±1.54. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the workers' cognition of the law was positively correlated with attitude (r=0.440, P<0.01) and behavior (r=0.463, P<0.01), respectively, and attitude was positively correlated with behavior (r=0.403, P<0.01). The results of binary logistic regression showed that the correct response rate of KAP of men was higher than that of women (OR=1.736, 95%CI: 1.252, 2.407). There was a statistically significant difference in the correct response rate of KAP among the workers with different levels of education (P<0.05). The workers engaged in electronic production and cable manufacturing showed higher correct response rates of KAP (OR=1.914, 95%CI: 1.213, 3.019; OR=2.669, 95%CI: 1.242, 5.732) than the workers in food industry. Factory administrators showed a higher correct response rate of KAP (OR=2.694, 95%CI: 1.481, 4.901) than frontline workers. Compared to employees aged 50-60 years, employees under the age of 20 years showed a lower correct response rate of KAP (OR=0.361, 95%CI: 0.161, 0.808). Compared with food industry employees, employees engaged in logistics industry have a lower correct response rate of KAP (OR=0.424, 95%CI: 0.207, 0.868).

Conclusion The industrial park workers in Humen Town, Dongguan City generally have a high level of understanding of the law. The score and correct response rate of the workers in logistics industry are low. The park needs to continue to improve the self-protection awareness of employees, strengthen occupational disease prevention and control education, and promote industrial workers to transform their protection awareness into action consciousness.