Abstract: Air pollution has always been an important factor threatening population health, and with the acceleration of urbanization in China, the adverse health effects associated with air pollution is becoming more and more serious. Numerous scientific studies have shown that chemical components of fine particulate matter are closely related to human health damage. This paper elaborated reported human health outcomes of PM_2.5 chemical components, including fatality, morbidity, reproduction & development, and physiological indexes or biomarkers, reviewed the research progress of PM_2.5 chemical constituents on human health in China, and summarized the deficiencies of current research, aiming to provide useful clues for future relevant studies.