基于峰度调整的职业性非稳态噪声暴露测量方法
Measuring method of occupational non-Gaussian noise exposure based on kurtosis adjustment
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摘要:
现有的噪声暴露测量方法基于等能量假说，适用于稳态噪声，不完全适用于非稳态噪声暴露测量。研究表明，噪声时域结构指标（峰度）联合噪声能量指标，有望有效定量非稳态噪声暴露，目前缺少该联合指标统一的测量方法。本文介绍了基于峰度调整的非稳态噪声暴露测量方法，详细阐述了该方法的测量指标、调整方案、适用对象、仪器要求和测量步骤。通过峰度对累积噪声暴露量（CNE）中暴露周期进行调整，或基于动物或人群数据的调整系数对等效A声级（LAeq）进行调整，能更准确地测量劳动者的非稳态噪声暴露，改善非稳态噪声所导致听力损失被低估的情况。未来需要大量人群研究来验证两种调整方案的有效性。
Abstract: The existing measuring methods of noise exposure on the basis of equal energy hypothesis are applicable to Gaussian noise while not fully applicable to non-Gaussian noise. Studies have shown that temporal structure (kurtosis) combined with noise energy has the potential to quantify non-Gaussian noise exposure effectively. However, there is no unified measuring method adopting this joint metric. In this paper, the measuring method of non-Gaussian noise exposure based on kurtosis adjustment was introduced, detailing measurement indicators, adjustment schemes, applicable objects, instrument requirements, and measurement steps. Adjusting the exposure duration of cumulative noise exposure (CNE) by kurtosis or adjusting the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq) by an adjustment coefficient based on animal or population studies can more accurately quantify workers' exposure to non-Gaussian noise and improve the underestimation of hearing loss caused by non-Gaussian noise. A large number of population studies are warranted in the future to verify the effectiveness of these two adjustment schemes.
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