下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴在空气污染引发糖代谢异常中的机制研究进展
Advances on mechanisms of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in abnormal glucose metabolism induced by air pollution
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摘要:
近年来，空气污染对人体的不良健康效应引起越来越多学者的关注。颗粒物（如PM2.5和PM10，空气动力学直径分别小于或等于2.5和10 μm的颗粒物）和臭氧是我国大气的主要污染物。大量研究表明，颗粒物或臭氧暴露会引起机体代谢异常，如Ⅱ型糖尿病等，然而具体机制尚不清楚。本文详细介绍了大气污染物影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的流行病学和毒理学研究进展。基于HPA轴在机体应激反应中的重要作用，重点归纳了其调控脂肪、肝脏、肌肉等组织中糖代谢稳态的分子机制。通过整合相关文献资料，提出HPA轴在介导大气污染致糖代谢异常中可能起重要作用，为今后空气污染致不良健康效应的研究和干预方法的提出提供科学依据。
Abstract: Recently, the adverse health effects of air pollution on human have attracted more and more attentions. Particulate matters (such as PM2.5 and PM10, with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 and ≤10 µm, respectively) and ozone are the major ambient pollutants in China. A large number of studies have shown that exposure to particulate matters or ozone induces metabolic abnormalities, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not clear. In this review, we introduced the epidemiological and toxicological research progress of the effects of air pollutants on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Considering the critical role of HPA axis in stress response, the molecular mechanisms of HPA axis-mediated glucose metabolism in fat, liver, muscle, and other tissues were also summarized. By integrating relevant literature and references, we proposed that HPA axis may play an important role in the abnormal glucose metabolism caused by air pollution, providing a scientific basis for future studies on the intervention methods of adverse health effects induced by air pollution.
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