绿地暴露与中国人群健康关联的研究进展
Greenspace and health outcomes in Chinese population
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摘要:
绿地暴露可给人类健康带来益处，该方面研究在欧美发达国家已开展较多，并已有综述。我国近年来亦开展了一些研究，但尚未见相关综述对此证据进行总结和梳理。本文对中国人群绿地健康效应的流行病学研究进行了综述，以期提供该方面较为全面的证据。综述结果显示：我国在绿地对健康的影响方面已开展了一定数量的研究。研究证据总体支持绿地暴露可降低心血管疾病、精神心理疾病和不良出生结局的患病风险以及降低死亡率。但是，目前的研究以横断面研究和研究短期效应的随机对照试验研究为主，前瞻性队列研究较少。此外，在绿地暴露评估方面，绝大多数研究采用归一化植被指数（NDVI）等进行评估，难以辨别不同绿地的种类和结构，且不能实现绿地暴露的动态评估。未来需要进一步开展能够精准评估绿地暴露的前瞻性队列研究来对已有证据进行验证和拓展。
Abstract: Greenspace may bring benefits to human health. Evidence on greenness and health has accumulated in western countries, and several reviews have summarized such evidence. Researchers have also conducted some studies on greenspace and human health in Chinese population, but no prior review has pooled or summarized them. To provide more comprehensive evidence on this topic, we searched and summarized studies on greenspace and health that were conducted specifically in Chinese population. We found that a certain number of studies have been conducted in China, and the evidence indicates that greenspace exposure may reduce the odds of cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, adverse birth outcomes as well as mortality. However, most of the current reported studies were of cross-sectional design or randomized controlled trails targeting short-term effects, and prospective cohort studies were scarce. Moreover, greenness exposure was mainly assessed using greenness index like normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), which were static and cannot distinguish construction and species of greenspaces. Future prospective studies with more precise greenness exposure assessment are warranted to evaluate the prior findings.
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