全氟化合物免疫毒性研究进展
Advances on immunotoxicities induced by per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances
-
摘要:
全氟化合物（PFASs）是一类存在于环境和生物体中的持久性有机污染物。PFASs由于具有优良的疏水疏油性和化学稳定性，被广泛应用于各种工业和消费产品。PFASs可以通过食物链不断蓄积并产生生物放大作用，对人类健康产生不良影响，其中免疫毒性可能是PFASs暴露最敏感的健康效应之一，已引起广泛关注。本文归纳了PFASs免疫毒性的国内外流行病学研究，包括PFASs对免疫系统的抑制和过度激活作用；综述了PFASs对免疫器官、免疫细胞和免疫因子等方面影响的实验研究；并进一步总结了PFASs免疫毒性可能的作用机制，包括依赖过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α（PPAR-α）、核因子-κB（NF-κB）激活和线粒体凋亡通路。人群流行病学研究提示PFASs暴露可能会降低儿童对疫苗接种的抗体反应，但与免疫相关疾病的关联性尚无定论。此外，既往研究主要关注传统PFASs的免疫毒性，而其具体机制仍处于初级阶段，故未来需要进一步探索新型PFASs免疫毒性及其分子机制。
Abstract: Per-and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are widespread in the environment and organisms. Given their unique hydrophobicity, oil-repellence, and chemical stability, PFASs are widely used in various industrial and commercial products. PFASs can accumulate and be biomagnified through the food chain, and its toxic effects have posed a certain threat to human health. The response of the immune system to PFASs exposure is one of the most sensitive human health effects, and has attracted remarkable attention from related scientists and organizations. We summarized international and domestic epidemiological studies on the associations between exposure to PFASs and immune system, including immunosuppression and immunoenhancement. We also reviewed experimental evidence of PFASs on immune system from perspectives of immune organs, immune cells, and cytokines. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α)-dependent, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-activated, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways were summarized. While the relationships between PFASs and immune-related diseases in human are not yet conclusive, accumulative epidemiological studies provide evidence for associations between PFASs and reduced immune response to vaccination in children. In addition, previous studies mainly focus on the immunotoxicity of traditional PFASs, and our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the effects of PFASs on immune system is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the immunotoxicity of new PFASs and associated mechanism.
下载:
