国际护理人员职业倦怠干预的研究进展
Research progress on job burnout intervention of nursing staff abroad
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摘要:
护理人员数量短缺，工作量大且琐碎，职业风险高，工作认同感低等特征，使得其存在不同程度的职业倦怠。护理人员职业倦怠不仅会对其身心健康产生影响，出现疲惫、焦虑、睡眠障碍等问题，也会导致护理质量下降，医疗差错上升，患者满意度下降，离职率升高等现象出现。因此，对护理人员职业倦怠进行适当干预显得尤为重要。国外对护理人员职业倦怠干预研究关注较早，目前发展也较为成熟，本研究系统回顾了国外对护理人员职业倦怠的干预方法，发现目前国外对护理人员职业倦怠的干预方法可以概括为个体层面、组织层面和综合干预三类，此三类干预方法均有各自的特点和效果，但仍存在干预效果不持久，干预时间与护理人员工作时间冲突，实施难度较大，难以聚焦某个具体维度等不足。未来干预方法可以综合考虑职业倦怠产生的个体因素和外界因素，适当缩短干预周期以提高护理人员参与的依从性，加强管理人员对护理人员职业倦怠的重视等。
Abstract: The severe shortage of nursing staff, coupled with the heavy workload, trivial work, high occupational risk, and low sense of public recognition of the nursing work, makes nursing staff experience different levels of job burnout. Job burnout of nursing staff would not only have an impact on their physical and mental health, resulting in fatigue, anxiety, sleep disorders, and other health problems, but also lead to decline of nursing quality, increase of medical errors, decline of patient satisfaction, and increase of turnover rate. Therefore, it is crucial to intervene in nursing staff's occupational burnout appropriately. This study systematically reviewed the intervention methods targeting job burnout of nursing staff abroad, where relevant research was conducted earlier than domestic research and has been well developed, and found that the current relevant intervention methods can be summarized into three types: individual, organizational or comprehensive intervention. Despite their own characteristics and effects, there are still some shortcomings of the three types of intervention methods, such as nonpersistent effect, conflict between time windows of intervention and of nursing tasks, difficulty of implementation, and failure to focus on a specific dimension. Future intervention methods can comprehensively consider both individual and external factors, appropriately shorten the intervention cycle to improve compliance of nursing staff, and raise managers' attention to job burnout.
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