环境样品中黑碳检测方法研究进展和生物监测展望
Black carbon analytical methods for environmental samples and associated perspectives of biomonitoring
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摘要:
黑碳（BC）是颗粒物中吸收光最强的成分，主要来源于化石燃料和生物质燃料等不完全燃烧，是一种由热裂解反应的条件决定的碳化组分较轻、微晶状、不规则和非匀质的石墨结构。BC被人体摄入并进入血液后，会被血液循环系统运送至不同器官；穿越各种生物屏障（血-脑屏障、胎盘屏障、血-睾屏障等）后，可能进一步侵入到靶标组织并发挥毒性作用。本综述首先区分了“BC”和“炭黑”的不同含义，进而介绍了环境样品中BC的检测方法：显微镜法、化学热氧化法、其他化学氧化法、分子标志物法等。在总结了已有检测方法的原理、技术特征以及应用现状基础上，讨论了生物样本中BC监测的思路和愿景。
Abstract: Black carbon (BC) is the most strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter and is largely emitted from the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels. It has a graphite structure with less carbonized, irregular, microcrystalline, and heterogeneous components, which is determined by pyrolysis conditions. BC can be absorbed by human body via inhalation or ingestion route and then be transported to various organs through the blood circulation system in human body. When crossing different biological barriers (such as blood-brain barrier, placenta barrier, and blood-testis barrier), BC may further act on these targets and induce various toxicities. This review first distinguished between BC and carbon black, and then introduced analytical methods of BC in various environmental samples: microscopic observation, chemothermal oxidation methods, other chemical oxidation methods, and molecular marker analysis. We summarized the principles, technical characteristics, and application to environmental samples of these methods, and discussed the ideas and perspectives of determination of BC in biological samples for human biomonitoring.
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